login

Year-end appeal: Please make a donation to the OEIS Foundation to support ongoing development and maintenance of the OEIS. We are now in our 61st year, we have over 378,000 sequences, and we’ve reached 11,000 citations (which often say “discovered thanks to the OEIS”).

A046644
From square root of Riemann zeta function: form Dirichlet series Sum b_n/n^s whose square is zeta function; sequence gives denominator of b_n.
54
1, 2, 2, 8, 2, 4, 2, 16, 8, 4, 2, 16, 2, 4, 4, 128, 2, 16, 2, 16, 4, 4, 2, 32, 8, 4, 16, 16, 2, 8, 2, 256, 4, 4, 4, 64, 2, 4, 4, 32, 2, 8, 2, 16, 16, 4, 2, 256, 8, 16, 4, 16, 2, 32, 4, 32, 4, 4, 2, 32, 2, 4, 16, 1024, 4, 8, 2, 16, 4, 8, 2, 128, 2, 4, 16, 16, 4, 8
OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
From Antti Karttunen, Aug 21 2018: (Start)
a(n) is the denominator of any rational-valued sequence f(n) which has been defined as f(n) = (1/2) * (b(n) - Sum_{d|n, d>1, d<n} f(d) * f(n/d)), with f(1) = 1, where b(n) is any integer-valued sequence such that b(1) = 1 and b(p) = odd for all primes p. In other words, integer sequence b is obtained as the Dirichlet Convolution of rational sequence f (the latter is the "Dirichlet Square Root" of the former).
Proof:
Proof is by induction. We assume as our induction hypothesis that the given multiplicative formula for A046644 (resp. additive formula for A046645) holds for all proper divisors d|n, d<n. As base cases, we have a(1) = 1 and for primes p, as f(p) = b(p)/2 = odd/2, a(p) = 2 and A046645(p) = 1. [Remark: for squares of primes, f(p^2) = (4*b(p^2) - 1)/8, thus a(p^2) = 8.]
First we note that A005187(x+y) <= A005187(x) + A005187(y), with equivalence attained only when A004198(x,y) = 0, that is, when x and y do not have any 1-bits in the shared positions. Let m = Sum_{e} A005187(e), with e ranging over the exponents in prime factorization of n.
For [case A] any n in A268388 it happens that only when d (and thus also n/d) are infinitary divisors of n will Sum_{e} A005187(e) [where e now ranges over the union of multisets of exponents in the prime factorizations of d and n/d] attain value m, which is the maximum possible for such sums computed for all divisor pairs d and n/d. For any n in A268388, A037445(n) = 2^k, k >= 2, thus A037445(n) - 2 = 2 mod 4 (excluding 1 and n from the count, thus -2). Thus, in the recursive formula above, the maximal denominator that occurs in the sum is 2^m which occurs k times, with k being an even number, but not a multiple of 4, thus the factor (1/2) in the front of the whole sum will ensure that the denominator of the whole expression is 2^m [which thus is equal to 2^A046645(n) = a(n)].
On the other hand [case B], for squares in A050376 (A082522, numbers of the form p^(2^k) with p prime and k>0), all the sums A005187(x)+A005187(y), where x+y = 2^k, 0 < x <= y < 2^k are less than A005187(2^k), thus it is the lonely "middle pair" f(p^(2^(k-1))) * f(p^(2^(k-1))) among all the pairs f(d)*f(n/d), 1 < d < n = p^(2^k) which yields the maximal denominator. Furthermore, as it occurs an odd number of times (only once), the common factor (1/2) for the whole sum will increase the exponent of 2 in denominator by one, which will be (2*A005187(2^(k-1))) + 1 = A005187(2^k) = A046645(p^(2^k)).
(End)
From Antti Karttunen, Aug 21 2018: (Start)
The following list gives a few such pairs num(n), b(n) for which b(n) is Dirichlet convolution of num(n)/a(n). Here ε stands for sequence A063524 (1, 0, 0, ...).
Numerators Dirichlet convolution of numerator(n)/a(n) yields
------- -----------
(End)
This sequence gives an upper bound for the denominators of any rational-valued sequence obtained as the "Dirichlet Square Root" of any integer-valued sequence. - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 23 2018
FORMULA
From Antti Karttunen, Jul 08 2017: (Start)
Multiplicative with a(p^n) = 2^A005187(n).
a(1) = 1; for n > 1, a(n) = A000079(A005187(A067029(n))) * a(A028234(n)).
a(n) = A000079(A046645(n)).
(End)
MATHEMATICA
b[1] = 1; b[n_] := b[n] = (dn = Divisors[n]; c = 1;
Do[c = c - b[dn[[i]]]*b[n/dn[[i]]], {i, 2, Length[dn] - 1}]; c/2); a[n_] := Denominator[b[n]]; a /@ Range[78] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 04 2011, after Maple code in A046643 *)
a18804[n_] := Sum[n EulerPhi[d]/d, {d, Divisors[n]}];
f[1] = 1; f[n_] := f[n] = 1/2 (a18804[n] - Sum[f[d] f[n/d], {d, Divisors[ n][[2 ;; -2]]}]);
a[n_] := f[n] // Denominator;
Array[a, 78] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 13 2018, after A318443 *)
PROG
(PARI)
A046643perA046644(n) = { my(c=1); if(1==n, c, fordiv(n, d, if((d>1)&&(d<n), c -= (A046643perA046644(d)*A046643perA046644(n/d)))); (c/2)); }
A046644(n) = denominator(A046643perA046644(n)); \\ After the Maple-program given in A046643, Antti Karttunen, Jul 08 2017
(PARI)
A005187(n) = { my(s=n); while(n>>=1, s+=n); s; };
A046644(n) = factorback(apply(e -> 2^A005187(e), factor(n)[, 2])); \\ Antti Karttunen, Aug 12 2018
(Scheme, with memoization-macro definec)
(definec (A046644 n) (if (= 1 n) n (* (A000079 (A005187 (A067029 n))) (A046644 (A028234 n))))) ;; Antti Karttunen, Jul 08 2017
CROSSREFS
See A046643 for more details. See also A046645, A317940.
Cf. A299150, A299152, A317832, A317926, A317932, A317934 (for denominator sequences of other similar constructions).
Sequence in context: A029623 A325753 A208133 * A343059 A161915 A342818
KEYWORD
nonn,easy,frac,nice,mult
STATUS
approved