OFFSET
1,3
COMMENTS
Number of integer solutions to the equation x^2 + 2*y^2 = n when (-x, -y) and (x, y) are counted as the same solution.
For n nonzero, a(n) is nonzero if and only if n is in A002479. - Michael Somos, Dec 15 2011
Coefficients of Dedekind zeta function for the quadratic number field of discriminant -8. See A002324 for formula and Maple code. - N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 22 2022
REFERENCES
B. C. Berndt, Ramanujan's Notebooks Part III, Springer-Verlag, see p. 114 Entry 8(iii).
L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers. Carnegie Institute Public. 256, Washington, DC, Vol. 1, 1919; Vol. 2, 1920; Vol. 3, 1923, see vol. 3, p. 19.
N. J. Fine, Basic Hypergeometric Series and Applications, Amer. Math. Soc., 1988; p. 78, Eq. (32.24).
J. W. L. Glaisher, Table of the excess of the number of (8k+1)- and (8k+3)-divisors of a number over the number of (8k+5)- and (8k+7)-divisors, Messenger Math., 31 (1901), 82-91.
D. H. Lehmer, Guide to Tables in the Theory of Numbers. Bulletin No. 105, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1941, pp. 7-10.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
LINKS
T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
J. W. L. Glaisher, Table of the excess of the number of (8k+1)- and (8k+3)-divisors of a number over the number of (8k+5)- and (8k+7)-divisors, Messenger Math., 31 (1901), 82-91. [Incomplete annotated scanned copy]
Michael D. Hirschhorn, The number of representations of a number by various forms, Discrete Mathematics 298 (2005), 205-211.
N. J. A. Sloane, Transforms.
FORMULA
Coefficients in expansion of Dirichlet series Product_p (1-(Kronecker(m, p)+1)*p^(-s) + Kronecker(m, p)*p^(-2s))^(-1) for m = -2.
Moebius transform is period 8 sequence [ 1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0, ...]. - Michael Somos, Aug 23 2005
G.f.: (theta_3(q) * theta_3(q^2) - 1) / 2 = Sum_{k>0} Kronecker( -2, n) * x^k / (1 - x^k) = Sum_{k>0} (x^k + x^(3*k)) / (1 + x^(4*k)).
Multiplicative with a(2^e) = 1, a(p^e) = e+1 if p == 1, 3 (mod 8), a(p^e) = (1+(-1)^e)/2 if p == 5, 7 (mod 8). - Michael Somos, Oct 23 2006
A033715(n) = 2 * a(n) unless n=0.
G.f.: A(x) = 2*(1+x^2)/(G(0)-2*x*(1+x^2)); G(k) = 1+x+x^(2*k)*(1+x^3+x^(2*k+1)+x^(2*k+4)+x^(4*k+3)+x^(4*k+4)) - x*(1+x^(2*k))*(1+x^(2*k+4))*(1+x^(4*k+4))^2/G(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jan 03 2012
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = Pi/(2*sqrt(2)) = 1.110720... (A093954). - Amiram Eldar, Oct 11 2022
EXAMPLE
x + x^2 + 2*x^3 + x^4 + 2*x^6 + x^8 + 3*x^9 + 2*x^11 + 2*x^12 + x^16 + ...
MAPLE
S:= series( (JacobiTheta3(0, q)*JacobiTheta3(0, q^2)-1)/2, q, 1001):
seq(coeff(S, q, j), j=1..1000); # Robert Israel, Dec 01 2015
MATHEMATICA
a[n_] := Total[ KroneckerSymbol[-8, #] & /@ Divisors[n]]; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 105}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 25 2011, after Michael Somos *)
QP = QPochhammer; s = ((QP[q^2]^3*QP[q^4]^3)/(QP[q]^2*QP[q^8]^2)-1)/(2q) + O[q]^105; CoefficientList[s, q] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 01 2015, adapted from PARI *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n) = if( n<1, 0, issquare(n)-issquare(2*n) + 2*sum(i=1, sqrtint(n\2), issquare(n-2*i^2)))
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, qfrep([ 1, 0; 0, 2], n)[n])} \\ Michael Somos, Jun 05 2005
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, direuler(p=2, n, 1 / (1 - X) / (1 - kronecker( -2, p) * X))[n])} \\ Michael Somos, Jun 05 2005
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, sumdiv(n, d, kronecker( -2, d)))} \\ Michael Somos, Aug 23 2005
(PARI) {a(n) = local(A, p, e); if( n<1, 0, A = factor(n); prod( k=1, matsize(A)[1], if( p=A[k, 1], e=A[k, 2]; if( p==2, 1, if( p%8<4, e+1, !(e%2))))))} \\ Michael Somos, Oct 23 2006
(PARI) {a(n) = local(A); if( n<1, 0, A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x + A)^-2 * eta(x^2 + A)^3 * eta(x^4 + A)^3 * eta(x^8 + A)^-2, n) / 2)}
(PARI) a(n) = my(f=factor(n>>valuation(n, 2)), e); prod(i=1, #f~, e=f[i, 2]; if( f[i, 1]%8<4, e+1, 1 - e%2)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 09 2014
CROSSREFS
Dedekind zeta functions for imaginary quadratic number fields of discriminants -3, -4, -7, -8, -11, -15, -19, -20 are A002324, A002654, A035182, A002325, A035179, A035175, A035171, A035170, respectively.
KEYWORD
nonn,easy,nice,mult
AUTHOR
STATUS
approved