OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
Theta series of lattice C2 with Gram matrix [ 1, 0; 0, 2]. a(n) is nonzero if and only if n is in A002479. - Michael Somos, Dec 15 2011
Number 17 of the 74 eta-quotients listed in Table I of Martin (1996).
Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).
Denoted by |a_4(n)| in Kassel and Reutenauer 2015. - Michael Somos, Jun 16 2015
REFERENCES
Bruce C. Berndt, Ramanujan's Notebooks Part III, Springer-Verlag, 1991, see p. 114 Entry 8(iii).
J. H. Conway and N. J. A. Sloane, Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups, Springer-Verlag, 1999, p. 102, eq. 9.
L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers. Carnegie Institute Public. 256, Washington, DC, Vol. 1, 1919; Vol. 2, 1920; Vol. 3, 1923, see vol. 3, p. 19.
Nathan J. Fine, Basic Hypergeometric Series and Applications, Amer. Math. Soc., 1988; p. 78, Eq. (32.24).
J. W. L. Glaisher, Table of the excess of the number of (8k+1)- and (8k+3)-divisors of a number over the number of (8k+5)- and (8k+7)-divisors, Messenger Math., 31 (1901), 82-91.
J. V. Uspensky and M. A. Heaslet, Elementary Number Theory, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1939, p. 346.
LINKS
John Cannon, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
George E. Andrews, Richard Lewis, and Zhi-Guo Liu, An identity relating a theta series to a sum of Lambert series, Bull. London Math. Soc., 33 (2001), 25-31.
Michael Gilleland, Some Self-Similar Integer Sequences.
Michael D. Hirschhorn, The number of representations of a number by various forms, Discrete Mathematics 298 (2005), 205-211.
Christian Kassel and Christophe Reutenauer, The zeta function of the Hilbert scheme of n points on a two-dimensional torus, arXiv:1505.07229v3 [math.AG], 2015. [Note that a later version of this paper has a different title and different contents, and the number-theoretical part of the paper was moved to the publication which is next in this list.]
Christian Kassel and Christophe Reutenauer, Complete determination of the zeta function of the Hilbert scheme of n points on a two-dimensional torus, arXiv:1610.07793 [math.NT], 2016.
Yves Martin, Multiplicative eta-quotients, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 348 (1996), no. 12, 4825-4856, see page 4852, Table I.
N. J. A. Sloane et al., Binary Quadratic Forms and OEIS (Index to related sequences, programs, references).
Michael Somos, Index to Yves Martin's list of 74 multiplicative eta-quotients and their A-numbers, 2016.
Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions, 2019.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions.
FORMULA
Fine gives an explicit formula for a(n) in terms of the divisors of n.
Euler transform of period 8 sequence [ 2, -1, 2, -4, 2, -1, 2, -2, ...].
Expansion of (eta(q^2) * eta(q^4))^3 / (eta(q) * eta(q^8))^2 in powers of q.
Coefficients in expansion of Sum_{i,j=-inf..inf} q^(i^2 + 2*j^2).
G.f. = s(2)^3*s(4)^3/(s(1)^2*s(8)^2), where s(k) := subs(q=q^k, eta(q)), where eta(q) is Dedekind's function, cf. A010815. [Fine]
G.f.: 1 + 2 * Sum_{k>0} Kronecker(-2, n) * x^k / (1 - x^k) = 1 + 2 * Sum_{k>0} (x^k + x^(3*k)) / (1 + x^(4*k)).
G.f.: theta_3(q) * theta_3(q^2) = Product_{k>0} (1 + x^(2*k)) * ((1 + x^k) * (1 - x^(2*k)) / (1 + x^(4*k)))^2.
From Michael Somos, Oct 23 2006: (Start)
Moebius transform is period 8 sequence [ 2, 0, 2, 0, -2, 0, -2, 0, ...].
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^3), A(x^6)) where f(u1, u2, u3, u6) = (u1 - 3*u3) * (u1 - u2 - u3 + u6) - (u2 - 3*u6) * (u1 - 2*u2 - u3 + 2*u6). (End)
a(n) = 2 * A002325(n) unless n = 0.
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (8 t)) = 8^(1/2) (t/i) f(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t). - Michael Somos, Sep 09 2012
From Michael Somos, Aug 29 2014: (Start)
Expansion of phi(q) * phi(q^2) in powers of q where phi() is a Ramanujan theta function.
a(2*n) = a(n). a(2*n + 1) = 2 * A113411(n). (End)
From Michael Somos, May 17 2015: (Start)
a(n) = A028572(4*n) = A133692(2*n) = A139093(8*n) = A226225(8*n) = A226240(4*n) = A242609(4*n) = A245572(4*n) / 3 = (-1)^floor((n + 1)/2) * A082564(n).
a(0) = 1, a(n) = 2 * b(n) for n > 0, where b() is multiplicative with b(2^e) = 1, b(p^e) = e + 1 if p == 1, 3 (mod 8), b(p^e) = (1 + (-1)^e)/2 if p == 5, 7 (mod 8). - Jianing Song, Sep 04 2018 [Corrected by Jeremy Lovejoy, Nov 12 2024]
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=0..m} a(k) = Pi/sqrt(2) = 2.221441... (A247719). - Amiram Eldar, Dec 16 2023
EXAMPLE
G.f. = 1 + 2*q + 2*q^2 + 4*q^3 + 2*q^4 + 4*q^6 + 2*q^8 + 6*q^9 + 4*q^11 + 4*q^12 + ...
MAPLE
d:=proc(r, m, n) local i, t1; t1:=0; for i from 1 to n do if n mod i = 0 and i-r mod m = 0 then t1:=t1+1; fi; od: t1; end; [seq(2*(d(1, 8, n)+d(3, 8, n)-d(5, 8, n)-d(7, 8, n)), n=1..120)];
MATHEMATICA
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ EllipticTheta[ 3, 0, q] EllipticTheta[ 3, 0, q^2], {q, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Sep 09 2012 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, Boole[ n == 0], 2 DivisorSum[ n, KroneckerSymbol[ -2, #] &]]; (* Michael Somos, Aug 29 2014 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (QPochhammer[ q^2] QPochhammer[ q^4])^3 / (QPochhammer[ q] QPochhammer[ q^8])^2, {q, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Aug 29 2014 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, n==0, 2 * (issquare(n) - issquare(2*n) + 2 * sum( i=1, sqrtint(n\2), issquare(n - 2*i^2))))};
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, n==0, 2 * sumdiv( n, d, kronecker( -2, d)))}; /* Michael Somos, Aug 23 2005 */
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, n==0, 2 * qfrep([ 1, 0; 0, 2], n)[n])}; /* Michael Somos, Aug 23 2005 */
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A); if( n<0, 0, A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x + A)^-2 * eta(x^2 + A)^3 * eta(x^4 + A)^3 * eta(x^8 + A)^-2, n))};
(Sage) Q = DiagonalQuadraticForm(ZZ, [1, 2]); Q.representation_number_list(104); # Peter Luschny, Jun 20 2014
(Magma) A := Basis( ModularForms( Gamma1(8), 1), 105); A[1] + 2*A[2] + 2*A[3]; /* Michael Somos, Aug 29 2014 */
CROSSREFS
Cf. A002325, A002479, A028572, A033761, A082564, A112603, A113411, A133692, A139093, A226225, A226240, A242609, A245572, A247719.
KEYWORD
nonn,easy,changed
AUTHOR
STATUS
approved