OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
As triangle T(n,k) with 0<=k<=n and with zeros omitted, it is the triangle given by (2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (0, 1/2, -1/2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 04 2012
The numbers in rows of the triangle are along "first layer" skew diagonals pointing top-left in center-justified triangle given in A013609 ((1+2*x)^n) and along (first layer) skew diagonals pointing top-right in center-justified triangle given in A038207 ((2+x)^n), see links. - Zagros Lalo, Jul 31 2018
If s(n) is the row sum at n, then the ratio s(n)/s(n-1) is approximately 2.414213562373095... (A014176: Decimal expansion of the silver mean, 1+sqrt(2)), when n approaches infinity. - Zagros Lalo, Jul 31 2018
REFERENCES
Shara Lalo and Zagros Lalo, Polynomial Expansion Theorems and Number Triangles, Zana Publishing, 2018, ISBN: 978-1-9995914-0-3, pp. 80-83, 357-358.
LINKS
Jean-Luc Baril and José Luis Ramírez, Descent distribution on Catalan words avoiding ordered pairs of Relations, arXiv:2302.12741 [math.CO], 2023.
S. Halici, On some Pell polynomials , Acta Universitatis Apulensis, No. 29/2012, pp. 105-112.
FORMULA
u(n,x) = u(n-1,x)+(x+1)*v(n-1,x), v(n,x) = u(n-1,x)+v(n-1,x), where u(1,x) = 1, v(1,x) = 1. Also, A207538 = |A133156|.
From Philippe Deléham, Mar 04 2012: (Start)
With 0<=k<=n:
Mirror image of triangle in A099089.
Skew version of A038207.
Riordan array (1/(1-2*x), x^2/(1-2*x)).
G.f.: 1/(1-2*x-y*x^2).
Sum_{k, 0<=k<=n} T(n,k)*x^k = A190958(n+1), A127357(n), A090591(n), A089181(n+1), A088139(n+1), A045873(n+1), A088138(n+1), A088137(n+1), A099087(n), A000027(n+1), A000079(n), A000129(n+1), A002605(n+1), A015518(n+1), A063727(n), A002532(n+1), A083099(n+1), A015519(n+1), A003683(n+1), A002534(n+1), A083102(n), A015520(n+1), A091914(n) for x = -10, -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 respectively.
T(n,k) = 2*T(n-1,k) + T(-2,k-1) with T(0,0) = 1, T(1,0) = 2, T(1,1) = 0 and T(n, k) = 0 if k<0 or if k>n. (End)
T(n,k) = A013609(n-k, n-2*k+1). - Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 05 2013
From Tom Copeland, Feb 11 2016: (Start)
A053117 is a reflected, aerated and signed version of this entry. This entry belongs to a family discussed in A097610 with parameters h1 = -2 and h2 = -y.
Shifted o.g.f.: G(x,t) = x / (1 - 2 x - t x^2).
The compositional inverse of G(x,t) is Ginv(x,t) = -[(1 + 2x) - sqrt[(1+2x)^2 + 4t x^2]] / (2tx) = x - 2 x^2 + (4-t) x^3 - (8-6t) x^4 + ..., a shifted o.g.f. for A091894 (mod signs with A091894(0,0) = 0).
(End)
EXAMPLE
First seven rows:
1
2
4...1
8...4
16..12..1
32..32..6
64..80..24..1
(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (0, 1/2, -1/2, 0, 0, 0, ...) begins:
1
2, 0
4, 1, 0
8, 4, 0, 0
16, 12, 1, 0, 0
32, 32, 6, 0, 0, 0
64, 80, 24, 1, 0, 0, 0
128, 192, 80, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0
MATHEMATICA
u[1, x_] := 1; v[1, x_] := 1; z = 16;
u[n_, x_] := u[n - 1, x] + (x + 1)*v[n - 1, x]
v[n_, x_] := u[n - 1, x] + v[n - 1, x]
Table[Factor[u[n, x]], {n, 1, z}]
Table[Factor[v[n, x]], {n, 1, z}]
cu = Table[CoefficientList[u[n, x], x], {n, 1, z}];
TableForm[cu]
Table[Expand[v[n, x]], {n, 1, z}]
cv = Table[CoefficientList[v[n, x], x], {n, 1, z}];
TableForm[cv]
t[0, 0] = 1; t[n_, k_] := t[n, k] = If[n < 0 || k < 0, 0, 2 t[n - 1, k] + t[n - 2, k - 1]]; Table[t[n, k], {n, 0, 15}, {k, 0, Floor[n/2]}] // Flatten (* Zagros Lalo, Jul 31 2018 *)
t[n_, k_] := t[n, k] = 2^(n - 2 k) * (n - k)!/((n - 2 k)! k!) ; Table[t[n, k], {n, 0, 15}, {k, 0, Floor[n/2]} ] // Flatten (* Zagros Lalo, Jul 31 2018 *)
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,tabf
AUTHOR
Clark Kimberling, Feb 18 2012
STATUS
approved