A266956 Numbers m such that 9*m+7 is a square.

1, 2, 18, 21, 53, 58, 106, 113, 177, 186, 266, 277, 373, 386, 498, 513, 641, 658, 802, 821, 981, 1002, 1178, 1201, 1393, 1418, 1626, 1653, 1877, 1906, 2146, 2177, 2433, 2466, 2738, 2773, 3061, 3098, 3402, 3441, 3761, 3802, 4138, 4181, 4533, 4578, 4946, 4993, 5377, 5426

Offset

1,2

Comments

Equivalently, numbers of the form h*(9*h+8)+1, where h = 0, -1, 1, -2, 2, -3, 3, -4, 4, ...

Also, integer values of k*(k+8)/9 plus 1.

It is easy to see that the Diophantine equation 9*x+3*j+1 = y^2 has infinitely many solutions in integers (x,y) for any j in Z. It follows a table with j = -5..5:

...

j = -5, x: 2, 7, 15, 30, 46, 71, 95, 130, 162, 207, 247, ...

j = -4, x: 3, 4, 20, 23, 55, 60, 108, 115, 179, 188, 268, ...

j = -3, x: 1, 8, 12, 33, 41, 76, 88, 137, 153, 216, 236, ...

j = -2, x: 1, 6, 14, 29, 45, 70, 94, 129, 161, 206, 246, ...

j = -1, x: 2, 3, 19, 22, 54, 59, 107, 114, 178, 187, 267, ...

j = 0, x: 0, 7, 11, 32, 40, 75, 87, 136, 152, 215, 235, ... (A132355)

j = 1, x: 0, 5, 13, 28, 44, 69, 93, 128, 160, 205, 245, ... (A185039)

j = 2, x: 1, 2, 18, 21, 53, 58, 106, 113, 177, 186, 266, ... (A266956)

j = 3, x: -1, 6, 10, 31, 39, 74, 86, 135, 151, 214, 234, ... (A266957)

j = 4, x: -1, 4, 12, 27, 43, 68, 92, 127, 159, 204, 244, ... (A266958)

j = 5, x: 0, 1, 17, 20, 52, 57, 105, 112, 176, 185, 265, ... (A218864)

...

The general closed form of these sequences is:

b(n,j) = (18*(n-1)*n + s(j)*(2*n-1)*(-1)^n + t(j))/8, where s(j) = 6*(-j) + 18*floor(j/3) - (-1)^floor(2*(j+1)/3) + 6 and t(j) = 4*(-j) + 4*floor((j+1)/3) + 5.

a(2m) - a(2m-1) gives the odd numbers (A005408); a(2m+1) - a(2m) gives the multiples of 16 (A008598).

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=1..50.

Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,2,-2,-1,1).

Formula

G.f.: x*(1 + x + 14*x^2 + x^3 + x^4)/((1 + x)^2*(1 - x)^3).

a(n) = a(-n+1) = (18*(n-1)*n - 7*(2*n-1)*(-1)^n + 1)/8.

a(n) = A218864(n) + 1.

Mathematica

Select[Range[0, 6000], IntegerQ[Sqrt[9 # + 7]] &]
Table[(18 (n - 1) n - 7 (2 n - 1) (-1)^n + 1)/8, {n, 1, 50}]

Prog

(Sage) [n for n in (0..6000) if is_square(9*n+7)]
(Sage) [(18*(n-1)*n-7*(2*n-1)*(-1)^n+1)/8 for n in (1..50)]
(PARI) for(n=0, 6000, if(issquare(9*n+7), print1(n, ", ")))
(PARI) vector(50, n, n; (18*(n-1)*n-7*(2*n-1)*(-1)^n+1)/8)
(Python) from gmpy2 import is_square
[n for n in range(6000) if is_square(9*n+7)]
(Python) [(18*(n-1)*n-7*(2*n-1)*(-1)**n+1)/8 for n in range(1, 60)]
(Magma) [n: n in [0..6000] | IsSquare(9*n+7)];
(Magma) [(18*(n-1)*n-7*(2*n-1)*(-1)^n+1)/8: n in [1..50]];

Crossrefs

Cf. numbers m such that 9*m+i: A132355 (i=1), A185039 (i=4), this sequence (i=7), A005563 (i=9), A266957 (i=10), A266958 (i=13), A218864 (i=16), A008865 (i=18, without -2).

Cf. A156638: square roots of 9*a(n)+7.

Cf. A005408, A008598.

Sequence in context: A022371 A299380 A352159 * A092587 A247457 A015787

Adjacent sequences: A266953 A266954 A266955 * A266957 A266958 A266959

Keyword

nonn,easy

Author

Bruno Berselli, Jan 07 2016

Status

approved