OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
For n = 1, 2, 3, etc., a(n)! contains 2^1, 3^2, 2^3, 2^4, 3^5, 3^6, 2^7, etc.
Note that for number N and for sufficiently large k=k(N), in interval (k/(N+1), k/N] there exists a prime, and in case sqrt(k) < k/(N+1), p^N || k!. Therefore the sequence is infinite.
Sum_{i>=1} n*(p-1)/p^i} = n and Sum_{i=1..m} floor(n*(p-1)/p^i)) < n where m = floor(log(n*(p-1)/log(p)). Therefore, we can test exponents of primes in k! to see if the exponent of p is n, where k is the least k > n*(p-1) and p|k. - David A. Corneth, Mar 21 2017
Record k's are 2, 6, 12, 15, 21, 50, 85, 100, 182, 210, 215, 364, 553, 560, 854, 931, 1120, etc., at indices 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, 20, 24, 29, 51, 52, 60, 91, 92, 141, 154, 185, 186, 342, 403, 441, 447, 635, 765, 1035, 1092, 1378, 1435, 1540, 2015, 2553, 2740, 2808, 2865, 3265, 4922, 5322, 7209, etc. - Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 13 2017
LINKS
David A. Corneth, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (first 1000 terms from Peter J. C. Moses)
Vladimir Shevelev, Charles R. Greathouse IV, and Peter J. C. Moses, On intervals (kn, (k+1)n) containing a prime for all n>1, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 16 (2013), Article 13.7.3. arXiv:1212.2785
Robert G. Wilson v, Graph of the first 10000 terms
Robert G. Wilson v, Graph of the first 2500000 terms.
FORMULA
a(n) <= n*t, where t is such that t*(1-1300/log^4(t))/log(t) >= n+1. Cf. Shevelev, Greathouse IV, and Moses link, Proposition 6.
EXAMPLE
a(2)=6, since 6!=2^4*3^2*5, and there is no k<6 such that the factorization of k! contains a power p^2, where p is prime.
From David A. Corneth, Mar 21 2017: (Start)
To compute a(5) we first see if there is a factorial k! such that 2^5||k!. I.e., p = 2. The next multiple of p = 2 and larger than n * (p-1) = 5 is 6. The exponent of 2 in 6! Is 3 + 1 = 4 < 5. Therefore, we try the next multiple of p = 2 and larger than 6 which is 8. 8 has three factors 2. Therefore, 8! has 4 + 3 = 7 > 5 factors 2 and no factorial exists that properly divides 2^5.
So we try the next prime larger than 2, which is p = 3. We start with the next multiple of p and larger than n * (p - 1) = 10, which is 12. The exponent of 3 in 12! is floor(12/3) + floor(4/3) = 5. Therefore, 12! is properly divisible by 3^5 and 12 is the least k such that k! has 5 as an exponent in the prime factorization. (End)
MATHEMATICA
fi[n_]:=fi[n]=FactorInteger[n!]; A240751={2}; Do[AppendTo[A240751, NestWhile[#+1 &, n+1, !MemberQ[Last[Transpose[fi[#]]], n]&]], {n, 2, 100}]; A240751 (* Peter J. C. Moses, Apr 12 2014 *)
Table[k = 2; While[! MemberQ[FactorInteger[k!][[All, -1]], n], k++]; k, {n, 63}] (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 24 2017 *)
f[n_] := Block[{k = 0, p = 2, s}, While[True, While[s = Plus @@ Rest@ NestWhileList[ Floor[#/p] &, (p -1)n +k, # > 0 &]; s < n, k++]; If[s == n, Goto[fini]]; k = 0; p = NextPrime@ p]; Label[fini]; (p -1)n +k]; Array[f, 70] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 15 2017, revised Apr 16 2017 and Apr 19 2017 *)
PROG
(PARI) hasexp(k, n)=f = factor(k!); for (i=1, #f~, if (f[i, 2] == n, return (1)); ); return (0);
a(n) = {k = 2; while (!hasexp(k, n), k++); k; } \\ Michel Marcus, Apr 12 2014
(PARI) a(n)=my(r = 0, m, p = 2, cn, cm); while(1, cn = n * (p-1); m = p*(cn\p+1); r = 0; cm = m; while(cm, r+=cm\=p); while(r < n, m += p; r += valuation(m, p)); if(r==n, return(m)); p = nextprime(p + 1)) \\ David A. Corneth, Mar 20 2017
(PARI) valp(n, p)=my(s=n); while(n\=p, s+=n); s
findLower(f, n, lower, upper)=my(lV=f(lower), uV, m, mV); if(lV>=n, return(if(lV==n, lower, oo))); uV=f(upper); if(uV<n, return(oo)); while(upper-lower>1, m=(lower+upper)\2; mV=f(m); if(mV<n, lower=m; lV=mV, upper=m; uV=mV)); if(uV==n, upper, oo)
addhelp(findLower, "findLower(f, n, lower, upper): Given a nondecreasing function f on [lower, upper], find the least integer m, lower <= m <= upper, such that f(m) = n, or an infinite value if no such m exists.");
a(n)=my(t); forprime(p=2, , t=(n+1)*(p-1)\p; t=findLower(k->valp(k, p), n, t, logint(t, p)+t); if(t!=oo, return(t*p))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 27 2017
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
AUTHOR
Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 12 2014
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Michel Marcus, Apr 12 2014
STATUS
approved