OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
Sum of all coefficients in Product_{k=0..n} (x + k^2).
Row sums of triangle of central factorial numbers (A008955).
"HANOWA" is a matrix whose eigenvalues lie on a vertical line. It is an N X N matrix with 2 X 2 blocks with identity matrices in the upper left and lower right blocks and diagonal matrices containing the first N integers in the upper right and lower left blocks. In MATLAB, the following code generates the sequence... for n=0:2:TERMS*2 det(gallery('hanowa',n)) end. - Paul Max Payton, Mar 31 2005
Cilleruelo shows that a(n) is a square only for n = 0 and 3. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 27 2008
REFERENCES
Edmund Landau, Handbuch der Lehre von der Verteilung der Primzahlen, Chelsea Publishing, NY 1953, pp. 559-561, Section 147. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 29 2014
LINKS
Stanislav Sykora, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..252
Javier Cilleruelo, Squares in (1^2+1)...(n^2+1), Journal of Number Theory 128:8 (2008), pp. 2488-2491.
Thang Pang Ern, Finding Squares in a Product of Squares, arXiv:2411.00012 [math.NT], 2024.
Erhan Gürela and Ali Ulas Özgür Kisisel, A note on the products (1^mu + 1)(2^mu + 1)···(n^mu + 1), Journal of Number Theory, Volume 130, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 187-191.
V. H. Moll, An arithmetic conjecture on a sequence of arctangent sums, 2012.
FORMULA
G.f.: 1/(1-x) = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*x^n / Product_{k=1..n+1} (1 + k^2*x). - Paul D. Hanna, Jan 07 2013
G.f.: 1 + x*(G(0) - 1)/(x-1) where G(k) = 1 - ((k+1)^2+1)/(1-x/(x - 1/G(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jan 15 2013
a(n) ~ (n!)^2 * sinh(Pi)/Pi. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 11 2013
From Vladimir Reshetnikov, Oct 25 2015: (Start)
a(n) = Gamma(n+1+i)*Gamma(n+1-i)*sinh(Pi)/Pi.
a(n) ~ 2*exp(-2*n)*n^(2*n+1)*sinh(Pi).
G.f. for 1/a(n): hypergeom([1], [1-i, 1+i], x).
E.g.f. for a(n)/n!: hypergeom([1-i, 1+i], [1], x), where i=sqrt(-1).
D-finite with recurrence: a(0) = 1, a(n) = (n^2+1)*a(n-1). (End)
a(n+3)/a(n+2) - 2 a(n+2)/a(n+1) + a(n+1)/a(n) = 2. - Robert Israel, Oct 25 2015
MAPLE
p := n -> mul(x^2+1, x=0..n):
seq(p(i), i=0..14); # Gary Detlefs, Jun 03 2010
MATHEMATICA
Table[Product[k^2+1, {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 11 2013 *)
Table[Pochhammer[I, n + 1] Pochhammer[-I, n + 1], {n, 0, 20}] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Oct 25 2015 *)
Table[Abs[Pochhammer[1 + I, n]]^2, {n, 0, 20}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 16 2016 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)=prod(k=1, n, k^2+1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 27 2008
(PARI) {a(n)=if(n==0, 1, 1-polcoeff(sum(k=0, n-1, a(k)*x^k/prod(j=1, k+1, 1+j^2*x+x*O(x^n))), n))} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Jan 07 2013
(Python)
from math import prod
def A101686(n): return prod(i**2+1 for i in range(1, n+1)) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 22 2024
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Ralf Stephan, Dec 13 2004
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 27 2008
Simpler definition from Gary Detlefs, Jun 03 2010
Entry revised by N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 22 2012
Minor edits by Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 13 2015
STATUS
approved