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A057660
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a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} n/gcd(n,k).
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58
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1, 3, 7, 11, 21, 21, 43, 43, 61, 63, 111, 77, 157, 129, 147, 171, 273, 183, 343, 231, 301, 333, 507, 301, 521, 471, 547, 473, 813, 441, 931, 683, 777, 819, 903, 671, 1333, 1029, 1099, 903, 1641, 903, 1807, 1221, 1281, 1521, 2163, 1197, 2101, 1563, 1911, 1727
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OFFSET
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1,2
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COMMENTS
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Also sum of the orders of the elements in a cyclic group with n elements, i.e., row sums of A054531. - Avi Peretz (njk(AT)netvision.net.il), Mar 31 2001
Also inverse Moebius transform of EulerPhi(n^2), A002618.
Sequence is multiplicative with a(p^e) = (p^(2*e+1)+1)/(p+1). Example: a(10) = a(2)*a(5) = 3*21 = 63.
a(n) is the number of pairs (a, b) such that the equation ax = b is solvable in the ring (Zn, +, x). See the Mathematical Reflections link. - Michel Marcus, Jan 07 2017
These are the "contraharmonic means" of the improper divisors of square integers (inclusive of 1 and the square integer itself).
Permitting "Contraharmonic Divisor Numbers" to be defined analogously to Øystein Ore's Harmonic Divisor Numbers, the only numbers for which there exists an integer contraharmonic mean of the divisors are the square numbers, and a(n) is the n-th integer contraharmonic mean, expressible also as the sum of squares of divisors of n^2 divided by the sum of divisors of n^2. That is, a(n) = sigma_2(n^2)/sigma(n^2).
This sequence is an analog of A001600 (Harmonic means of divisors of harmonic numbers) and A102187 (Arithmetic means of divisors of arithmetic numbers). (End)
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REFERENCES
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David M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston MA, 1976, p. 152.
H. W. Gould and Temba Shonhiwa, Functions of GCD's and LCM's, Indian J. Math. (Allahabad), Vol. 39, No. 1 (1997), pp. 11-35.
H. W. Gould and Temba Shonhiwa, A generalization of Cesaro's function and other results, Indian J. Math. (Allahabad), Vol. 39, No. 2 (1997), pp. 183-194.
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LINKS
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Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants II, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018, p. 154-5.
Walther Janous, Problem 10829, Amer. Math. Monthly, 107 (2000), p. 753.
Joachim von zur Gathen, Arnold Knopfmacher, Florian Luca, Lutz G. Lucht, and Igor E. Shparlinski, Average order of cyclic groups, J. Théorie Nombres Bordeaux 16 (1) (2004) 107-123.
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FORMULA
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a(n) = Sum_{d|n} d*A000010(d) = Sum_{d|n} d*A054522(n,d), sum of d times phi(d) for all divisors d of n, where phi is Euler's phi function.
a(n) <= (n-1)*n + 1, with equality if and only if n is noncomposite. - Daniel Forgues, Apr 30 2013
G.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} n*phi(n)*x^n/(1 - x^n) = x + 3*x^2 + 7*x^3 + 11*x^4 + .... Dirichlet g.f.: sum {n >= 1} a(n)/n^s = zeta(s)*zeta(s-2)/zeta(s-1) for Re s > 3. Cf. A078747 and A176797. - Peter Bala, Dec 30 2013
L.g.f.: -log(Product_{k>=1} (1 - x^k)^phi(k)) = Sum_{n>=1} a(n)*x^n/n. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, May 21 2018
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} lcm(n,k)/k.
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} gcd(n,k)*phi(gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)). (End)
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k)/k ~ 3*zeta(3)*n^2/Pi^2.
Sum_{k=1..n} k^2/a(k) ~ A345294 * n.
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MATHEMATICA
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Table[ DivisorSigma[ 2, n^2 ] / DivisorSigma[ 1, n^2 ], {n, 1, 128} ]
Table[Total[Denominator[Range[n]/n]], {n, 55}] (* Alonso del Arte, Oct 07 2011 *)
f[p_, e_] := (p^(2*e + 1) + 1)/(p + 1); a[n_] := Times @@ (f @@@ FactorInteger[n]); Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Nov 21 2020 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) a(n)=if(n<1, 0, sumdiv(n, d, d*eulerphi(d)))
(Haskell)
a057660 n = sum $ map (div n) $ a050873_row n
(Python)
from math import gcd
def A057660(n): return sum(n//gcd(n, k) for k in range(1, n+1)) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 24 2023
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CROSSREFS
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Cf. A000010, A000203, A000290, A001157, A018804, A050873, A051193, A054522, A057661, A061255, A065764, A078747, A174405 (partial sums), A176797, A226512.
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KEYWORD
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easy,nice,nonn,mult
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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