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A003239
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Number of rooted planar trees with n non-root nodes: circularly cycling the subtrees at the root gives equivalent trees.
(Formerly M1222)
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36
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1, 1, 2, 4, 10, 26, 80, 246, 810, 2704, 9252, 32066, 112720, 400024, 1432860, 5170604, 18784170, 68635478, 252088496, 930138522, 3446167860, 12815663844, 47820447028, 178987624514, 671825133648, 2528212128776, 9536895064400, 36054433810102, 136583761444364, 518401146543812
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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Also number of necklaces with 2*n beads, n white and n black (to get the correspondence, start at root, walk around outside of tree, use white if move away from the root, black if towards root).
Also number of terms in polynomial expression for permanent of generic circulant matrix of order n.
a(n) is the number of equivalence classes of n-compositions of n under cyclic rotation. (Given a necklace, split it into runs of white followed by a black bead and record the lengths of the white runs. This gives an n-composition of n.) a(n) is the number of n-multisets in Z mod n whose sum is 0. - David Callan, Nov 05 2003
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REFERENCES
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Miklos Bona, editor, Handbook of Enumerative Combinatorics, CRC Press, 2015, page 305 (see R(x)).
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973; page 80, Problem 3.13.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Cambridge, Vol. 2, 1999; see Problem 7.112(b).
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(n) = Sum_{d|n} (phi(n/d)*binomial(2*d, d))/(2*n) for n > 0.
a(n) = (1/n)*Sum_{d|n} (phi(n/d)*binomial(2*d-1, d)) for n > 0.
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MAPLE
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with(numtheory): A003239 := proc(n) local t1, t2, d; t2 := divisors(n); t1 := 0; for d in t2 do t1 := t1+phi(n/d)*binomial(2*d, d)/(2*n); od; t1; end;
spec := [ C, {B=Union(Z, Prod(B, B)), C=Cycle(B)}, unlabeled ]; [seq(combstruct[count](spec, size=n), n=0..40)];
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MATHEMATICA
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a[n_] := Sum[ EulerPhi[n/k]*Binomial[2k, k]/(2n), {k, Divisors[n]}]; a[0] = 1; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 25}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 11 2012 *)
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PROG
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(PARI)
C(n, k)=binomial(n, k);
a(n) = if(n<=0, n==0, sumdiv(n, d, eulerphi(n/d) * C(2*d, d)) / (2*n) );
/* or, second formula: */
/* a(n) = if(n<=0, n==0, sumdiv(n, d, eulerphi(n/d) * C(2*d-1, d)) / n ); */
(SageMath)
if n == 0: return 1
return sum(euler_phi(n/d)*binomial(2*d, d)/(2*n) for d in divisors(n))
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn,nice,easy
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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Sequence corrected and extended by Roderick J. Fletcher (yylee(AT)mail.ncku.edu.tw), Aug 1997
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STATUS
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approved
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