A178415 Array T(n,k) of odd Collatz preimages read by antidiagonals.

1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 21, 7, 37, 53, 85, 17, 29, 149, 213, 341, 11, 69, 117, 597, 853, 1365, 25, 45, 277, 469, 2389, 3413, 5461, 15, 101, 181, 1109, 1877, 9557, 13653, 21845, 33, 61, 405, 725, 4437, 7509, 38229, 54613, 87381, 19, 133, 245, 1621, 2901, 17749, 30037

Offset

1,2

Comments

Every odd number occurs uniquely in this array. See A178414.

Links

T. D. Noe, T(n,k) for n = 1..50, by antidiagonals

Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Collatz Problem

Wikipedia, Collatz conjecture

Index entries for sequences related to 3x+1 (or Collatz) problem

Formula

From Bob Selcoe, Apr 09 2015 (Start):

T(n,k) = 4*T(n,k-1) + 1.

T(n,k) = T(1,k) + 2^(2k+1)*(n-1)/2 when n is odd;

T(n,k) = T(2,k) + 4^k*(n-2)/2 when n >= 2 and n is even. So equivalently:

T(n,k) = T(n-2,k) + 2^(2k+1) when n is odd; and

T(n,k) = T(n-2,k) + 4^k when n is even.

Let j be the n-th positive odd number coprime with 3. Then:

T(n,k) = (j*4^k - 1)/3 when j == 1 (mod 3); and

T(n,k) = (j*2^(2k-1) - 1)/3 when j == 2 (mod 3).

(End)

From Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 18 2021: (Start)

T(n, k) = ((3*n - 1)*4^k - 2)/6 if n is even, and ((3*n - 2)*4^k - 1)/3 if n is odd, for n >= 1 and k >= 1. Also for n = 0: -A007583(k-1), with A007583(-1) = 1/2, and for k = 0: A022998(n-1)/2, with A022998(-1) = -1.

O.g.f. for array T (with row n = 0 and column k = 0; z for rows and x for columns): G(z, x) = (1/(2*(1-x)*(1-4*x)*(1-z^2)^2)) * ((2*x-4)*z^3 + (3-5*x)*z^2 + 2*x*z + 3*x - 1). (End)

Example

Array T begins:
.    1    5   21    85   341   1365    5461   21845    87381   349525
.    3   13   53   213   853   3413   13653   54613   218453   873813
.    9   37  149   597  2389   9557   38229  152917   611669  2446677
.    7   29  117   469  1877   7509   30037  120149   480597  1922389
.   17   69  277  1109  4437  17749   70997  283989  1135957  4543829
.   11   45  181   725  2901  11605   46421  185685   742741  2970965
.   25  101  405  1621  6485  25941  103765  415061  1660245  6640981
.   15   61  245   981  3925  15701   62805  251221  1004885  4019541
.   33  133  533  2133  8533  34133  136533  546133  2184533  8738133
.   19   77  309  1237  4949  19797   79189  316757  1267029  5068117
- L. Edson Jeffery, Mar 11 2015
From Bob Selcoe, Apr 09 2015 (Start):
n=5, j=13: T(5,3) = 277 = (13*4^3 - 1)/3;
n=6, j=17: T(6,4) = 725 = (17*2^7 - 1)/3.
(End)

Mathematica

t[n_, 1] := t[n, 1] = If[OddQ[n], 4n-3, 2n-1]; t[n_, k_] := t[n, k] = 4*t[n, k-1]+1; Flatten[Table[t[n-i+1, i], {n, 20}, {i, n}]]

Crossrefs

Rows of array: -A007583(k-1) (n=0), A002450 (n=1), A072197(k-1) (n=2), A206374(n=3), A072261 (n=4), A323824 (n=5), A072262 (n=6), A330246 (n=7), A072201 (n=8), ...

Columns of array: A022998(n-1)/2 (k=0), A178414 (k=1), ...

Cf. A347834 (permuted rows of the array).

Sequence in context: A106607 A305082 A007042 * A249424 A076274 A058989

Adjacent sequences: A178412 A178413 A178414 * A178416 A178417 A178418

Keyword

nonn,tabl,easy

Author

T. D. Noe, May 28 2010

Status

approved