OFFSET
1,3
COMMENTS
Let z(1) = x and z(n) = 1 + Sum_{k=1..n-1} (-1 + binomial(n,k))*z(k), then z(n) = p(n)*x + q(n).
LINKS
Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..400
FORMULA
Limit_{n->oo} p(n)/q(n) = (Pi-2)/(4-Pi) = 1.329896183162743847239353...
From Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 25 2020: (Start)
E.g.f.: -2-x + exp(x/2)*((4+Pi)/2 - 2*arcsin(exp(x/2)/sqrt(2))) / sqrt(2-exp(x)).
a(n) ~ (4 - Pi) * n! / (2*sqrt(Pi*n) * log(2)^(n + 1/2)).
a(n) ~ (4 - Pi) * n^n / (sqrt(2) * exp(n) * log(2)^(n + 1/2)). (End)
MATHEMATICA
z[1] := x; z[n_] := z[n] = Expand[1 + Sum[(-1 + Binomial[n, k])*z[k], {k, 1, n-1}]]; Table[Coefficient[z[n], x, 0], {n, 1, 30}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 25 2020 *)
Rest[CoefficientList[Series[-2 - x + E^(x/2)*((4 + Pi)/2 - 2*ArcSin[E^(x/2) / Sqrt[2]]) / Sqrt[2 - E^x], {x, 0, 20}], x] * Range[0, 20]!] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 25 2020 *)
PROG
(PARI) r=1; s=-1; v=vector(120, j, x); for(n=2, 120, g=r+sum(k=1, n-1, (s+binomial(n, k))*v[k]); v[n]=g); z(n)=v[n]; p(n)=polcoeff(z(n), 1); q(n)=polcoeff(z(n), 0); a(n)=p(n);
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Benoit Cloitre, Nov 20 2007
STATUS
approved