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A093644
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(9,1) Pascal triangle.
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19
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1, 9, 1, 9, 10, 1, 9, 19, 11, 1, 9, 28, 30, 12, 1, 9, 37, 58, 42, 13, 1, 9, 46, 95, 100, 55, 14, 1, 9, 55, 141, 195, 155, 69, 15, 1, 9, 64, 196, 336, 350, 224, 84, 16, 1, 9, 73, 260, 532, 686, 574, 308, 100, 17, 1, 9, 82, 333, 792, 1218, 1260, 882, 408, 117, 18, 1, 9, 91, 415
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OFFSET
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0,2
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COMMENTS
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The array F(9;n,m) gives in the columns m>=1 the figurate numbers based on A017173, including the 11-gonal numbers A051682 (see the W. Lang link).
This is the ninth member, d=9, in the family of triangles of figurate numbers, called (d,1) Pascal triangles: A007318 (Pascal), A029653, A093560-5, for d=1..8.
This is an example of a Riordan triangle (see A093560 for a comment and A053121 for a comment and the 1991 Shapiro et al. reference on the Riordan group). Therefore the o.g.f. for the row polynomials p(n,x) := Sum_{m=0..n} a(n,m)*x^m is G(z,x) = (1+8*z)/(1-(1+x)*z).
The SW-NE diagonals give A022099(n-1) = Sum_{k=0..ceiling((n-1)/2)} a(n-1-k,k), n >= 1, with n=0 value 8. Observation by Paul Barry, Apr 29 2004. Proof via recursion relations and comparison of inputs.
Triangle T(n,k), read by rows, given by (9,-8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...) DELTA (1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 10 2011
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REFERENCES
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Kurt Hawlitschek, Johann Faulhaber 1580-1635, Veroeffentlichung der Stadtbibliothek Ulm, Band 18, Ulm, Germany, 1995, Ch. 2.1.4. Figurierte Zahlen.
Ivo Schneider: Johannes Faulhaber 1580-1635, Birkhäuser, Basel, Boston, Berlin, 1993, ch.5, pp. 109-122.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(n, m) = F(9;n-m, m) for 0 <= m <= n, otherwise 0, with F(9;0, 0)=1, F(9;n, 0)=9 if n >= 1 and F(9;n, m):=(9*n+m)*binomial(n+m-1, m-1)/m if m >= 1.
Recursion: a(n, m)=0 if m > n, a(0, 0)= 1; a(n, 0)=9 if n >= 1; a(n, m) = a(n-1, m) + a(n-1, m-1).
G.f. column m (without leading zeros): (1+8*x)/(1-x)^(m+1), m >= 0.
exp(x) * e.g.f. for row n = e.g.f. for diagonal n. For example, for n = 3 we have exp(x)*(9 + 19*x + 11*x^2/2! + x^3/3!) = 9 + 28*x + 58*x^2/2! + 100*x^3/3! + 155*x^4/4! + .... The same property holds more generally for Riordan arrays of the form ( f(x), x/(1 - x) ). - Peter Bala, Dec 22 2014
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EXAMPLE
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Triangle begins
[1];
[9, 1];
[9, 10, 1];
[9, 19, 11, 1];
...
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MATHEMATICA
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Join[{1}, Table[Binomial[n, k]+8Binomial[n-1, k], {n, 20}, {k, 0, n}]//Flatten] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 17 2024 *)
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PROG
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(Haskell)
a093644 n k = a093644_tabl !! n !! k
a093644_row n = a093644_tabl !! n
a093644_tabl = [1] : iterate
(\row -> zipWith (+) ([0] ++ row) (row ++ [0])) [9, 1]
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CROSSREFS
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Row sums: A020714(n-1), n >= 1, 1 for n=0, alternating row sums are 1 for n=0, 8 for n=2 and 0 otherwise.
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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