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A010892
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Inverse of 6th cyclotomic polynomial. A period 6 sequence.
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147
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1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0
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OFFSET
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0,1
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COMMENTS
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Any sequence b(n) satisfying the recurrence b(n) = b(n-1) - b(n-2) can be written as b(n) = b(0)*a(n) + (b(1)-b(0))*a(n-1).
a(n) is the determinant of the n X n matrix M with m(i,j)=1 if |i-j| <= 1 and 0 otherwise. - Mario Catalani (mario.catalani(AT)unito.it), Jan 25 2003
Also row sums of triangle in A108299; a(n)=L(n-1,1), where L is also defined as in A108299; see A061347 for L(n,-1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 01 2005
Pisano period lengths: 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, ... - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
Periodic sequences of this type can also be calculated as a(n) = c + floor(q/(p^m-1)*p^n) mod p, where c is a constant, q is the number representing the periodic digit pattern and m is the period. c, p and q can be calculated as follows: Let D be the array representing the number pattern to be repeated, m = size of D, max = maximum value of elements in D, min = minimum value of elements in D. Then c := min, p := max - min + 1 and q := p^m*Sum_{i=1..m} (D(i)-min)/p^i. Example: D = (1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0), c = -1, m = 6, p = 3 and q = 676 for this sequence. - Hieronymus Fischer, Jan 04 2013
B(n) = a(n+5) = S(n-1, 1) appears, together with a(n) = A057079(n+1), in the formula 2*exp(Pi*n*i/3) = A(n) + B(n)*sqrt(3)*i with i = sqrt(-1). For S(n, x) see A049310. See also a Feb 27 2014 comment on A099837. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 27 2014
a(n) (for n>=1) is the difference between numbers of even and odd permutations p of 1,2,...,n such that |p(i)-i|<=1 for i=1,2,...,n. - Dmitry Efimov, Jan 08 2016
From Tom Copeland, Jan 31 2016: (Start)
Specialization of the o.g.f. 1 / ((x - w1)(x-w2)) = (1/(w1-w2)) ((w1-w2) + (w1^2 - w2^2) x + (w1^3-w2^3) x^2 + ...) with w1*w2 = (1/w1) + (1/w2) = 1. Then w1 = q = e^(i*Pi/3) and w2 = 1/q = e^(-i*Pi/3), giving the o.g.f. 1 /(1-x+x^2) for this entry with a(n) = (2/sqrt(3)) sin((n+1)Pi/3). See the Copeland link for more relations.
a(n) = (q^(n+1) - q^(-(n+1))) / (q - q^(-1)), so this entry gives the o.g.f. for an instance of the quantum integers denoted by [m]_q in Morrison et al. and Tingley. (End)
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LINKS
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Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
S. Barbero, U. Cerruti, N. Murru, A Generalization of the Binomial Interpolated Operator and its Action on Linear Recurrent Sequences , J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010) # 10.9.7, eq (3).
Paul Barry, A Catalan Transform and Related Transformations on Integer Sequences, J. Integer Sequ., Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.4.5.
Tom Copeland, Addendum to Elliptic Lie Triad
Robert G. Donnelly, Molly W. Dunkum, Sasha V. Malone, and Alexandra Nance, Symmetric Fibonaccian distributive lattices and representations of the special linear Lie algebras, arXiv:2012.14991 [math.CO], 2020.
Ralph E. Griswold, Shaft Sequences, 2001.
S. Morrison, E. Peters, N. Snyder, Knot polynomial identities and quantum group coincidences, arXiv preprint arXiv:1003.0022 [math.QA], 2014.
Emil Daniel Schwab and Gabriela Schwab, k-Fibonacci numbers and Möbius Functions, Integers (2022) Vol. 22, #A64.
Michael Somos, Rational Function Multiplicative Coefficients
P. Tingley, A minus sign ... (Two constructions of the Jones polynomial), arXiv preprint arXiv:1002.0555v2 [math.GT], 2015.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,-1).
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.
Index to sequences related to inverse of cyclotomic polynomials
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FORMULA
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G.f.: 1 / (1 - x + x^2).
a(n) = a(n-1) - a(n-2), a(0)=1, a(1)=1.
a(n) = ((-1)^floor(n/3) + (-1)^floor((n+1)/3))/2.
a(n) = 0 if n mod 6 = 2 or 5, a(n) = +1 if n mod 6 = 0 or 1, a(n) = -1 otherwise. a(n) = S(n, 1) = U(n, 1/2) (Chebyshev U(n, x) polynomials).
a(n) = sqrt(4/3)*Im((1/2 + i*sqrt(3/4))^(n+1)). - Henry Bottomley, Apr 12 2000
Binomial transform of A057078. a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(k, n-k)*(-1)^(n-k). - Paul Barry, Sep 13 2003
a(n) = 2*sin(Pi*n/3 + Pi/3)/sqrt(3). - Paul Barry, Jan 28 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} C(n-k, k)*(-1)^k. - Paul Barry, Jul 28 2004
Euler transform of length 6 sequence [1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 1]. - Michael Somos, Sep 23 2005
a(n) = a(1 - n) = -a(-2 - n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Feb 14 2006
a(n) = -(1/6)*(n mod 6 + (n+1) mod 6 - ((n+3) mod 6) - ((n+4) mod 6)). - Paolo P. Lava, Oct 20 2006
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-2)^(n-k) * A085838(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 26 2006
a(n) = b(n+1) where b(n) is multiplicative with b(2^e) = -(-1)^e if e>0, b(3^e) = 0^e, b(p^e) = 1 if p == 1 (mod 6), b(p^e) = (-1)^e if p == 5 (mod 6). - Michael Somos, Oct 29 2006
Given g.f. A(x), then, B(x) = x * A(x) satisfies 0 = f(B(x), B(x^2)) where f(u, v) = u^2 - v - 2*u*v * (1 - u). - Michael Somos, Oct 29 2006
a(2*n) = A057078(n), a(2*n+1) = A049347(n).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A109466(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 14 2006
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A133607(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Dec 30 2007
a(n) = A128834(n+1). - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Dec 05 2008
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n+k+1,2k+1) * (-1)^k. - Paul Barry, Jun 03 2009
a(n) = A101950(n,0) = (-1)^n * A049347(n). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 10 2012
a(n) = Product_{k=1..floor(n/2)} 1 - 4*(cos(k*Pi/(n+1)))^2. - Mircea Merca, Apr 01 2012
G.f.: 1 / (1 - x / (1 + x / (1 - x))). - Michael Somos, Apr 02 2012
a(n) = -1 + floor(181/819*10^(n+1)) mod 10. - Hieronymus Fischer, Jan 03 2013
a(n) = -1 + floor(13/14*3^(n+1)) mod 3. - Hieronymus Fischer, Jan 04 2013
a(n) = 1/(1+r2)*(1/r1)^n + 1/(1+r1)*(1/r2)^n, with r1=(1-i*sqrt(3))/2 and r2=(1+i*sqrt(3))/2. - Ralf Stephan, Jul 19 2013
a(n) = ((n+1)^2 mod 3) * (-1)^floor((n+1)/3). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Mar 15 2015
a(n-1) = n - Sum_{i=1..n-1} i*a(n-i). - Derek Orr, Apr 28 2015
a(n) = S(2*n+1, sqrt(3))/sqrt(3) = S(n, 1) with S(n, x) coefficients given in A049310. The S(n, 1) formula appeared already above. S(2*n, sqrt(3)) = A057079(n). See also a Feb 27 2014 comment above. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 16 2018
E.g.f.: sqrt(exp(x)*4/3) * cos(x*sqrt(3/4) - Pi/6). - Michael Somos, Jul 05 2018
a(n) = Determinant(Tri(n)), for n >= 1, with Tri(n) the n X n tridiagonal matrix with entries 1 (a special Toeplitz matrix). - Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 20 2019
a(n) = Product_{k=1..n}(1 + 2*cos(k*Pi/(n+1))). - Peter Luschny, Nov 28 2019
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EXAMPLE
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G.f. = 1 + x - x^3 - x^4 + x^6 + x^7 - x^9 - x^10 + x^12 + x^13 - x^15 + ...
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MAPLE
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a:=n->coeftayl(1/(x^2-x+1), x=0, n);
a:=n->2*sin(Pi*(n+1)/3)/sqrt(3);
A010892:=n->[1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0][irem(n, 6)+1];
A010892:=n->Array(0..5, [1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0])[irem(n, 6)];
A010892:=n->table([0=1, 1=1, 2=0, 3=-1, 4=-1, 5=0])[irem(n, 6)];
with(numtheory, cyclotomic); c := series(1/cyclotomic(6, x), x, 102): seq(coeff(c, x, n), n=0..101); # Rainer Rosenthal, Jan 01 2007
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MATHEMATICA
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a[n_] := {1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0}[[Mod[n, 6] + 1]]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 101}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 19 2013 *)
CoefficientList[Series[1/Cyclotomic[6, x], {x, 0, 100}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 03 2014 *)
PadRight[{}, 120, {1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 07 2020 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) {a(n) = (-1)^(n\3) * sign((n + 1)%3)}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 23 2005 */
(PARI) {a(n) = subst( poltchebi(n) + poltchebi(n-1), 'x, 1/2) * 2/3}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 23 2005 */
(PARI) {a(n) = [1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0][n%6 + 1]}; /* Michael Somos, Feb 14 2006
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A, p, e); if( n<0, 0, n++; A = factor(n); prod( k=1, matsize(A)[1], [p, e] = A[k, ]; if( p==2, -(-1)^e, p==3, 0, p%6 == 1, 1, (-1)^e)))}; /* Michael Somos, Oct 29 2006 */
(Python)
def A010892(n): return [1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0][n%6] # Alec Mihailovs, Jan 01 2007
(Sage) [lucas_number1(n, 1, +1) for n in range(-5, 97)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 22 2009
(Sage)
def A010892():
x, y = -1, -1
while True:
yield -x
x, y = y, -x + y
a = A010892()
[next(a) for i in range(40)] # Peter Luschny, Jul 11 2013
(Magma) &cat[[1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0]: n in [0..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 03 2014
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CROSSREFS
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a(n) = row sums of signed triangle A049310.
Cf. A049347, A057078.
Differs only by a shift from A128834.
a(n+1) = row sums of triangle A130777: repeat(1,0,-1,-1,0,1).
Sequence in context: A016350 A117441 A049347 * A091338 A359378 A016345
Adjacent sequences: A010889 A010890 A010891 * A010893 A010894 A010895
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KEYWORD
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sign,easy
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AUTHOR
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Simon Plouffe
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EXTENSIONS
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Entry revised by N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 16 2004
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STATUS
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approved
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