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A005774
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Number of directed animals of size n (k=1 column of A038622); number of (s(0), s(1), ..., s(n)) such that s(i) is a nonnegative integer and |s(i) - s(i-1)| <= 1 for i = 1,2,...,n, where s(0) = 2; also sum of row n+1 of array T in A026323.
(Formerly M2804)
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11
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0, 1, 3, 9, 26, 75, 216, 623, 1800, 5211, 15115, 43923, 127854, 372749, 1088283, 3181545, 9312312, 27287091, 80038449, 234988827, 690513030, 2030695569, 5976418602, 17601021837, 51869858544, 152951628725, 451271872701, 1332147482253
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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Number of ordered trees with n+1 edges, having root degree at least 2 and nonroot outdegrees at most 2. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 02 2002
From Petkovsek's algorithm, this recurrence does not have any closed form solutions. So there is no hypergeometric closed form for a(n). - Herbert S. Wilf
Sum of two consecutive trinomial coefficients starting two positions before central one. Example: a(4) = 10+16 and (1 + x + x^2)^4 = ... + 10*x^2 + 16*x^3 + 19*x^4 + ... - David Callan, Feb 07 2004
a(n) = total number of ascents (maximal runs of consecutive upsteps) in all Motzkin (n+1)-paths. For example, the 9 Motzkin 4-paths are FFFF, FFUD, FUDF, FUFD, UDFF, UDUD, UFDF, UFFD, UUDD and they contain a total of 9 ascents and so a(3)=9 (U=upstep, D=downstep, F=flatstep). - David Callan, Aug 16 2006
Image of the sequence (0,1,2,3,3,3,...) under the array A122896. - Paul Barry, Sep 18 2006
This is some kind of Motzkin transform of A079978 because the substitution x-> x*A001006(x) in the independent variable of the g.f. A079978(x) yields 1,0 followed by this sequence here. - R. J. Mathar, Nov 08 2008
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REFERENCES
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N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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D-finite with recurrence (n+2)*(n-1)*a(n) = 2*n*(n+1)*a(n-1) + 3*n*(n-1)*a(n-2) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, May 01 2003
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(BesselI(1, 2*x)+BesselI(2, 2*x)). - Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 01 2004
G.f.: (1-x-sqrt(1-2x-3x^2))/(x(1-3x+sqrt(1-2x-3x^2))); a(n)= Sum_{k=0..n} C(k+1, n-k+1)*C(n, k)*k/(k+1); a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n, k)*C(k, floor((k-1)/2)). - Paul Barry, May 12 2005
Starting (1, 3, 9, 26, ...) = binomial transform of A026010: (1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 25, 50, 91, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 22 2007
a(n)*(2+n) = (4+4*n)*a(n-1) - n*a(n-2) + (12-6*n)*a(n-3). - Simon Plouffe, Feb 09 2012
0 = a(n)*(+36*a(n+1) + 18*a(n+2) - 96*a(n+3) + 30*a(n+4)) + a(n+1)*(-6*a(n+1) + 49*a(n+2) - 26*a(n+3) + 3*a(n+4)) + a(n+2)*(+15*a(n+3) - 8*a(n+4)) + a(n+3)*(a(n+4)) if n >= 0. - Michael Somos, Aug 06 2014
a(n) = GegenbauerC(n-2,-n,-1/2) + GegenbauerC(n-1,-n,-1/2). - Peter Luschny, May 12 2016
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EXAMPLE
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G.f.: x + 3*x^2 + 9*x^3 + 26*x^4 + 75*x^5 + 216*x^6 + 623*x^7 + ...
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MAPLE
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seq( add(binomial(i, k+1)*binomial(i-k, k), k=0..floor(i/2)), i=0..30 ); # Detlef Pauly (dettodet(AT)yahoo.de), Nov 09 2001
seq(simplify(GegenbauerC(n-2, -n, -1/2) + GegenbauerC(n-1, -n, -1/2)), n=0..27); # Peter Luschny, May 12 2016
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MATHEMATICA
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CoefficientList[Series[(1-x-Sqrt[1-2x-3x^2])/(x(1-3x+Sqrt[1-2x-3x^2])), {x, 0, 30}], x] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 20 2011 *)
RecurrenceTable[{a[0]==0, a[1]==1, a[n]==(2n(n+1)a[n-1]+3n(n-1)a[n-2])/ ((n+2)(n-1))}, a, {n, 30}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 09 2012 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) s=[0, 1]; {A005774(n)=k=(2*(n+2)*(n+1)*s[2]+3*(n+1)*n*s[1])/((n+3)*n); s[1]=s[2]; s[2]=k; k}
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<2, n>0, (2 * (n+1) * n *a(n-1) + 3 * (n-1) * n * a(n-2)) / (n+2) / (n-1))}; /* Michael Somos, May 01 2003 */
(Haskell)
a005774 0 = 0
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn,easy,nice
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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