A000792 a(n) = max{(n - i)*a(i) : i < n}; a(0) = 1. (Formerly M0568 N0205)

1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 27, 36, 54, 81, 108, 162, 243, 324, 486, 729, 972, 1458, 2187, 2916, 4374, 6561, 8748, 13122, 19683, 26244, 39366, 59049, 78732, 118098, 177147, 236196, 354294, 531441, 708588, 1062882, 1594323, 2125764, 3188646, 4782969, 6377292

Offset

0,3

Comments

Numbers of the form 3^k, 2*3^k, 4*3^k with a(0) = 1 prepended.

If a set of positive numbers has sum n, this is the largest value of their product.

In other words, maximum of products of partitions of n: maximal value of Product k_i for any way of writing n = Sum k_i. To find the answer, take as many of the k_i's as possible to be 3 and then use one or two 2's (see formula lines below).

a(n) is also the maximal size of an Abelian subgroup of the symmetric group S_n. For example when n = 6, one of the Abelian subgroups with maximal size is the subgroup generated by (123) and (456), which has order 9. [Bercov and Moser] - Ahmed Fares (ahmedfares(AT)my-deja.com), Apr 19 2001

Also the maximum number of maximal cliques possible in a graph with n vertices (cf. Capobianco and Molluzzo). - Felix Goldberg (felixg(AT)tx.technion.ac.il), Jul 15 2001. [Corrected by Jim Nastos and Tanya Khovanova, Mar 11 2009]

Every triple of alternate terms {3*k, 3*k+2, 3*k+4} in the sequence forms a G.P. with first term 3^k and common ratio 2. - Lekraj Beedassy, Mar 28 2002

For n > 4, a(n) is the least multiple m of 3 not divisible by 8, for which omega(m) <= 2 and sopfr(m) = n. - Lekraj Beedassy, Apr 24 2003

Maximal number of divisors that are possible amongst numbers m such that A080256(m) = n. - Lekraj Beedassy, Oct 13 2003

Or, numbers of form 2^p*3^q with p <= 2, q >= 0 and 2p + 3q = n. Largest number obtained using only the operations +,* and () on the parts 1 and 2 of any partition of n into these two summands where the former exceeds the latter. - Lekraj Beedassy, Jan 07 2005

a(n) is the largest number of complexity n in the sense of A005520 (A005245). - David W. Wilson, Oct 03 2005

a(n) corresponds also to the ultimate occurrence of n in A001414 and thus stands for the highest number m such that sopfr(m) = n, for n >= 2. - Lekraj Beedassy, Apr 29 2002

a(n) for n >= 1 is a paradigm shift sequence with procedural length p = 0, in the sense of A193455. - Jonathan T. Rowell, Jul 26 2011

a(n) = largest term of n-th row in A212721. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 14 2012

For n >= 2, a(n) is the largest number whose prime divisors (with multiplicity) add to n, whereas the smallest such number (resp. smallest composite number) is A056240(n) (resp. A288814(n)). - David James Sycamore, Nov 23 2017

For n >= 3, a(n+1) = a(n)*(1 + 1/s), where s is the smallest prime factor of a(n). - David James Sycamore, Apr 10 2018

References

B. R. Barwell, Cutting String and Arranging Counters, J. Rec. Math., 4 (1971), 164-168.

B. R. Barwell, Journal of Recreational Mathematics, "Maximum Product": Solution to Prob. 2004;25(4) 1993 Baywood NY.

M. Capobianco and J. C. Molluzzo, Examples and Counterexamples in Graph Theory, p. 207. North-Holland: 1978.

S. L. Greitzer, International Mathematical Olympiads 1959-1977, Prob. 1976/4 pp. 18;182-3 NML vol. 27 MAA 1978

J. L. Gross and J. Yellen, eds., Handbook of Graph Theory, CRC Press, 2004; p. 396.

P. R. Halmos, Problems for Mathematicians Young and Old, Math. Assoc. Amer., 1991, pp. 30-31 and 188.

L. C. Larson, Problem-Solving Through Problems. Problem 1.1.4 pp. 7. Springer-Verlag 1983.

D. J. Newman, A Problem Seminar. Problem 15 pp. 5;15. Springer-Verlag 1982.

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Links

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..500

R. Bercov and L. Moser, On Abelian permutation groups, Canad. Math. Bull. 8 (1965) 627-630.

Walter Bridges and William Craig, On the distribution of the norm of partitions, arXiv:2308.00123 [math.CO], 2023.

J. Arias de Reyna and J. van de Lune, The question "How many 1's are needed?" revisited, arXiv preprint arXiv:1404.1850 [math.NT], 2014. See M_n.

J. Arias de Reyna and J. van de Lune, Algorithms for determining integer complexity, arXiv preprint arXiv:1404.2183 [math.NT], 2014.

Nigel Derby, 96.21 The MaxProduct partition, The Mathematical Gazette 96:535 (2012), pp. 148-151.

Tomislav Doslic, Maximum Product Over Partitions Into Distinct Parts, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.5.8.

H. Havermann: Tables of sum-of-prime-factors sequences (overview with links to the first 50000 sums).

J. Iraids, K. Balodis, J. Cernenoks, M. Opmanis, R. Opmanis and K. Podnieks, Integer Complexity: Experimental and Analytical Results, arXiv preprint arXiv:1203.6462 [math.NT], 2012.

Andrew Kenney and Caroline Shapcott, Maximum Part-Products of Odd Palindromic Compositions, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.2.6.

E. F. Krause, Maximizing The Product of Summands, Mathematics Magazine, MAA Oct 1996, Vol. 69, no. 5 pp. 270-271.

MathPro, 20000 Problems Under the Sea, Problem 14856.Putnam 1979/A1

J. W. Moon and L. Moser, On cliques in graphs, Israel J. Math. 3 (1965), 23-28.

Natasha Morrison and Alex Scott, Maximizing the number of induced cycles in a graph, Preprint, 2016. See f_2(n).

Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.

Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992

F. Pluvinage, Developing problem solving experiences in practical action projects, The Mathematics Enthusiast, ISSN 1551-3440, Vol. 10, nos.1&2, pp. 219-244.

D. A. Rawsthorne, How many 1's are needed?, Fib. Quart. 27 (1989), 14-17.

J. T. Rowell, Solution Sequences for the Keyboard Problem and its Generalizations, Journal of Integer Sequences, 18 (2015), #15.10.7.

Robert Schneider and Andrew V. Sills, The Product of Parts or "Norm" of a Partition, Integers (2020) Vol. 20A, Article #A13.

J. Scholes, 40th Putnam 1979 Problem A1

J. Scholes, 18th IMO 1976 Problem 4

Andrew V. Sills and Robert Schneider, The product of parts or "norm" of a partition, arXiv:1904.08004 [math.NT], 2019.

V. Vatter, Maximal independent sets and separating covers, Amer. Math. Monthly, 118 (2011), 418-423.

R. G. Wilson v, Letter to N. J. Sloane, circa 1991

A. C.-C. Yao, On a problem of Katona on minimal separating systems, Discrete Math., 15 (1976), 193-199.

Index to sequences related to the complexity of n

Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,0,3).

Formula

G.f.: (1 + x + 2*x^2 + x^4)/(1 - 3*x^3). - Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation.

a(3n) = 3^n; a(3*n+1) = 4*3^(n-1) for n > 0; a(3*n+2) = 2*3^n.

a(n) = 3*a(n-3) if n > 4. - Henry Bottomley, Nov 29 2001

a(n) = n if n <= 2, otherwise a(n-1) + Max{gcd(a(i), a(j)) | 0 < i < j < n}. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 08 2002

A007600(a(n)) = n; Andrew Chi-Chih Yao attributes this observation to D. E. Muller. - Vincent Vatter, Apr 24 2006

a(n) = 3^(n - 2 - 2*floor((n - 1)/3))*2^(2 - (n - 1) mod 3) for n > 1. - Hieronymus Fischer, Nov 11 2007

From Kiyoshi Akima (k_akima(AT)hotmail.com), Aug 31 2009: (Start)

a(n) = 3^floor(n/3)/(1 - (n mod 3)/4), n > 1.

a(n) = 3^(floor((n - 2)/3))*(2 + ((n - 2) mod 3)), n > 1. (End)

a(n) = (2^b)*3^(C - (b + d))*(4^d), n > 1, where C = floor((n + 1)/3), b = max(0, ((n + 1) mod 3) - 1), d = max(0, 1 - ((n + 1) mod 3)). - Jonathan T. Rowell, Jul 26 2011

G.f.: 1 / (1 - x / (1 - x / (1 + x / (1 - x / (1 + x / (1 + x^2 / (1 + x))))))). - Michael Somos, May 12 2012

3*a(n) = 2*a(n+1) if n > 1 and n is not divisible by 3. - Michael Somos, Jan 23 2014

a(n) = a(n-1) + largest proper divisor of a(n-1), n > 2. - Ivan Neretin, Apr 13 2015

a(n) = max{a(i)*a(n-i) : 0 < i < n} for n >= 4. - Jianing Song, Feb 15 2020

a(n+1) = a(n) + A038754(floor( (2*(n-1) + 1)/3 )), for n > 1. - Thomas Scheuerle, Oct 27 2022

Example

a{8} = 18 because we have 18 = (8-5)*a(5) = 3*6 and one can verify that this is the maximum.
a(5) = 6: the 7 partitions of 5 are (5), (4, 1), (3, 2), (3, 1, 1), (2, 2, 1), (2, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1) and the corresponding products are 5, 4, 6, 3, 4, 2 and 1; 6 is the largest.
G.f. = 1 + x + 2*x^2 + 3*x^3 + 4*x^4 + 6*x^5 + 9*x^6 + 12*x^7 + 18*x^8 + ...

Maple

A000792 := proc(n)
    m := floor(n/3) ;
    if n mod 3 = 0 then
        3^m ;
    elif n mod 3 = 1 then
        4*3^(m-1) ;
    else
        2*3^m ;
    end if;
    floor(%) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, May 26 2013

Mathematica

a[1] = 1; a[n_] := 4* 3^(1/3 *(n - 1) - 1) /; (Mod[n, 3] == 1 && n > 1); a[n_] := 2*3^(1/3*(n - 2)) /; Mod[n, 3] == 2; a[n_] := 3^(n/3) /; Mod[n, 3] == 0; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 40}]
CoefficientList[Series[(1 + x + 2x^2 + x^4)/(1 - 3x^3), {x, 0, 50}], x] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 01 2011 *)
f[n_] := Max[ Times @@@ IntegerPartitions[n, All, Prime@ Range@ PrimePi@ n]]; f[1] = 1; Array[f, 43, 0] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 31 2012 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 2, Boole[ n > -1], 2^Mod[-n, 3] 3^(Quotient[ n - 1, 3] + Mod[n - 1, 3] - 1)]; (* Michael Somos, Jan 23 2014 *)
Join[{1, 1}, LinearRecurrence[{0, 0, 3}, {2, 3, 4}, 50]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 08 2019 *)

Prog

(PARI) {a(n) = floor( 3^(n - 4 - (n - 4) \ 3 * 2) * 2^( -n%3))}; /* Michael Somos, Jul 23 2002 */
(PARI) lista(nn) = {print1("1, 1, "); print1(a=2, ", "); for (n=1, nn, a += a/divisors(a)[2]; print1(a, ", "); ); } \\ Michel Marcus, Apr 14 2015
(PARI) A000792(n)=if(n>1, 3^((n-2)\3)*(2+(n-2)%3), 1) \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 19 2019
(Haskell)
a000792 n = a000792_list !! n
a000792_list = 1 : f [1] where
   f xs = y : f (y:xs) where y = maximum $ zipWith (*) [1..] xs
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 17 2011
(Magma) I:=[1, 1, 2, 3, 4]; [n le 5 select I[n] else 3*Self(n-3): n in [1..45]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 14 2015

Crossrefs

See A007600 for a left inverse.

Cf. A000793, A009490, A034891, A062943, A007601, A062723, A069188, A087902.

Cf. array A064364, rightmost (nonvanishing) numbers in row n >= 2.

See A056240 and A288814 for the minimal numbers whose prime factors sums up to n.

A000792, A178715, A193286, A193455, A193456, and A193457 are closely related as paradigm shift sequences for (p = 0, ..., 5 respectively).

Cf. A202337 (subsequence).

Cf. A038754, A005245, A005520.

Sequence in context: A018130 A160993 A171826 * A018752 A018393 A018287

Adjacent sequences: A000789 A000790 A000791 * A000793 A000794 A000795

Keyword

nonn,easy,nice

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Extensions

More terms and better description from Therese Biedl (biedl(AT)uwaterloo.ca), Jan 19 2000

Status

approved