A285867 Triangle T(n, k) read by rows: T(n, k) = S2(n, k)*k! + S2(n, k-1)*(k-1)! with the Stirling2 triangle S2 = A048993.

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 7, 12, 0, 1, 15, 50, 60, 0, 1, 31, 180, 390, 360, 0, 1, 63, 602, 2100, 3360, 2520, 0, 1, 127, 1932, 10206, 25200, 31920, 20160, 0, 1, 255, 6050, 46620, 166824, 317520, 332640, 181440, 0, 1, 511, 18660, 204630, 1020600, 2739240, 4233600, 3780000, 1814400, 0, 1, 1023, 57002, 874500, 5921520, 21538440, 46070640, 59875200, 46569600, 19958400

Offset

0,6

Comments

This triangle T(n, k) appears in the e.g.f. of the sum of powers SP(n, m) = Sum_{j=0..m} j^n, n >= 0, m >= 0 with 0^0:=1 as ESP(n, t) = exp(t)*(Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*t^k/k! + t^(n+1)/(n+1)), n >= 0.

The sub-triangle T(n, k) for 1 <= k <=n, see A028246(n+1,k) (diagonal not needed).

For S2(n, m)*m! see A131689.

The columns (starting sometimes with n=k) are A000007, A000012, A000225, A028243(n-1), A028244(n-1), A028245(n-1), A032180(n-1), A228909, A228910, A228911, A228912, A228913. See below for the e.g.f.s and o.g.f.s.

The row sums are 1 for n=1 and A000629(n) - n! for n >= 1, See A285868.

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=0..65.

Formula

T(n, k) = A131689(n, k) + A131689(n, k-1), 0 <= k <= n, with A131689(n, -1) = 0.

T(0, 0) = 1 and T(n, k) = Stirling2(n+1, k)*(k-1)! for n >= k >= 1. For Stirling2 see A048993. Stirling2(n, k)*(k-1)! = A028246(n, k) for n >= k >= 1.

Recurrence: T(0, 0) = 1, T(n, n) = (n+1)!/2, T(n, -1) = 0, T(n, k) = 0 if n < k, and T(n, k) = (k-1)*T(n-1, k-1) + k*T(n-1, k), for n > k >= 0.

E.g.f. for column k=0 is 1, and for k >= 1: Sum_{j=1..k}((-1)^(k-j) * binomial(k-1, j-1) * exp(j*x)) - x^(k-1).

O.g.f. for column k = 0 is 1, and for k >= 1: ((k-1)!*x^(k-1) / Product_{j=1..k} (1-j*x)) - (k-1)!*x^(k-1).

Example

The triangle T(n, k) begins:
n\k 0  1    2     3      4       5        6        7        8        9  ...
0:  1
1:  0  1
2:  0  1    3
3:  0  1    7    12
4:  0  1   15    50     60
5:  0  1   31   180    390     360
6:  0  1   63   602   2100    3360     2520
7:  0  1  127  1932  10206   25200    31920    20160
8:  0  1  255  6050  46620  166824   317520   332640   181440
9:  0  1  511 18660 204630 1020600  2739240  4233600  3780000  1814400
...

Mathematica

Table[If[k == 0, Boole[n == 0], StirlingS2[n, k] k! + StirlingS2[n, k - 1] (k - 1)!], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] (* Michael De Vlieger, May 08 2017 *)

Crossrefs

Cf. A000629, A028246, A048993, A131689, A285868.

Sequence in context: A201663 A199606 A182472 * A349780 A261764 A216806

Adjacent sequences: A285864 A285865 A285866 * A285868 A285869 A285870

Keyword

nonn,easy,tabl

Author

Wolfdieter Lang, May 03 2017

Status

approved