A051026 Number of primitive subsequences of {1, 2, ..., n}.

1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 33, 45, 73, 103, 205, 253, 505, 733, 1133, 1529, 3057, 3897, 7793, 10241, 16513, 24593, 49185, 59265, 109297, 163369, 262489, 355729, 711457, 879937, 1759873, 2360641, 3908545, 5858113, 10534337, 12701537, 25403073, 38090337, 63299265, 81044097, 162088193, 205482593, 410965185, 570487233, 855676353

Offset

0,2

Comments

a(n) counts all subsequences of {1, ..., n} in which no term divides any other. If n is a prime a(n) = 2*a(n-1)-1 because for each subsequence s counted by a(n-1) two different subsequences are counted by a(n): s and s,n. There is only one exception: 1,n is not a primitive subsequence because 1 divides n. For all n>1: a(n) < 2*a(n-1). - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 07 2011

Maximal primitive subsets are counted by A326077. - Gus Wiseman, Jun 07 2019

References

Blanchet-Sadri, Francine. Algorithmic combinatorics on partial words. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 2008. ii+385 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4200-6092-8; 1-4200-6092-9 MR2384993 (2009f:68142). See p. 320. - N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 06 2012

Links

Juliana Couras, Ricardo Jesus, and Tomás Oliveira e Silva, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..800 (terms up to n=80 from Alois P. Heinz)

Marcel K. Goh and Jonah Saks, Alternating-sum statistics for certain sets of integers, arXiv:2206.12535 [math.CO], 2022.

N. McNew, Counting primitive subsets and other statistics of the divisor graph of {1,2,..,n}, arXiv:1808.04923 [math.NT], 2018.

Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Primitive Sequence

Example

a(4) = 7, the primitive subsequences (including the empty sequence) are: (), (1), (2), (3), (4), (2,3), (3,4).
a(5) = 13 = 2*7-1, the primitive subsequences are: (), (5), (1), (2), (2,5), (3), (3,5), (4), (4,5), (2,3), (2,3,5), (3,4), (3,4,5).
From Gus Wiseman, Jun 07 2019: (Start)
The a(0) = 1 through a(5) = 13 primitive (pairwise indivisible) subsets:
  {}  {}   {}   {}     {}     {}
      {1}  {1}  {1}    {1}    {1}
           {2}  {2}    {2}    {2}
                {3}    {3}    {3}
                {2,3}  {4}    {4}
                       {2,3}  {5}
                       {3,4}  {2,3}
                              {2,5}
                              {3,4}
                              {3,5}
                              {4,5}
                              {2,3,5}
                              {3,4,5}
a(n) is also the number of subsets of {1..n} containing all of their pairwise products <= n as well as any quotients of divisible elements. For example, the a(0) = 1 through a(5) = 13 subsets are:
  {}  {}   {}     {}       {}         {}
      {1}  {1}    {1}      {1}        {1}
           {1,2}  {1,2}    {1,3}      {1,3}
                  {1,3}    {1,4}      {1,4}
                  {1,2,3}  {1,2,4}    {1,5}
                           {1,3,4}    {1,2,4}
                           {1,2,3,4}  {1,3,4}
                                      {1,3,5}
                                      {1,4,5}
                                      {1,2,3,4}
                                      {1,2,4,5}
                                      {1,3,4,5}
                                      {1,2,3,4,5}
Also the number of subsets of {1..n} containing all of their multiples <= n. For example, the a(0) = 1 through a(5) = 13 subsets are:
  {}  {}   {}     {}       {}         {}
      {1}  {2}    {2}      {3}        {3}
           {1,2}  {3}      {4}        {4}
                  {2,3}    {2,4}      {5}
                  {1,2,3}  {3,4}      {2,4}
                           {2,3,4}    {3,4}
                           {1,2,3,4}  {3,5}
                                      {4,5}
                                      {2,3,4}
                                      {2,4,5}
                                      {3,4,5}
                                      {2,3,4,5}
                                      {1,2,3,4,5}
(End)
From Gus Wiseman, Mar 12 2024: (Start)
Also the number of subsets of {1..n} containing all divisors of the elements. For example, the a(0) = 1 through a(6) = 17 subsets are:
  {}  {}   {}     {}       {}         {}
      {1}  {1}    {1}      {1}        {1}
           {1,2}  {1,2}    {1,2}      {1,2}
                  {1,3}    {1,3}      {1,3}
                  {1,2,3}  {1,2,3}    {1,5}
                           {1,2,4}    {1,2,3}
                           {1,2,3,4}  {1,2,4}
                                      {1,2,5}
                                      {1,3,5}
                                      {1,2,3,4}
                                      {1,2,3,5}
                                      {1,2,4,5}
                                      {1,2,3,4,5}
(End)

Maple

with(numtheory):
b:= proc(s) option remember; local n;
      n:= max(s[]);
      `if`(n<0, 1, b(s minus {n}) + b(s minus divisors(n)))
    end:
bb:= n-> b({$2..n} minus divisors(n)):
sb:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<2, 0, bb(n) + sb(n-1)) end:
a:= n-> `if`(n=0, 1, `if`(isprime(n), 2*a(n-1)-1, 2+sb(n))):
seq(a(n), n=0..40);  # Alois P. Heinz, Mar 07 2011

Mathematica

b[s_] := b[s] = With[{n=Max[s]}, If[n < 0, 1, b[Complement[s, {n}]] + b[Complement[s, Divisors[n]]]]];
bb[n_] := b[Complement[Range[2, n], Divisors[n]]];
sb[n_] := sb[n] = If[n < 2, 0, bb[n] + sb[n-1]];
a[n_] := If[n == 0, 1, If[PrimeQ[n], 2a[n-1] - 1, 2 + sb[n]]]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 37}]
(* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 27 2011, converted from Maple *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Range[n]], SubsetQ[#, Select[Union@@Table[#*i, {i, n}], #<=n&]]&]], {n, 10}] (* Gus Wiseman, Jun 07 2019 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Range[n]], #==Union@@Divisors/@#&]], {n, 0, 10}] (* Gus Wiseman, Mar 12 2024 *)

Crossrefs

Cf. A007865, A054519, A096827, A103580, A303362, A305148.

Cf. A326023, A326076, A326077, A326081, A326082, A326083, A326117.

Cf. A037031, A051026, A355740, A368110, A370585.

Sequence in context: A317688 A046703 A118722 * A028865 A053435 A096478

Adjacent sequences: A051023 A051024 A051025 * A051027 A051028 A051029

Keyword

nonn,nice

Author

Eric W. Weisstein

Extensions

More terms from David Wasserman, May 02 2002

a(32)-a(37) from Donovan Johnson, Aug 11 2010

Status

approved