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A001097 Twin primes. 260
3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 29, 31, 41, 43, 59, 61, 71, 73, 101, 103, 107, 109, 137, 139, 149, 151, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199, 227, 229, 239, 241, 269, 271, 281, 283, 311, 313, 347, 349, 419, 421, 431, 433, 461, 463, 521, 523, 569, 571, 599, 601, 617, 619, 641, 643 (list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
Union of A001359 and A006512.
The only twin primes that are Fibonacci numbers are 3, 5 and 13 [MacKinnon]. - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 24 2005
(p, p+2) are twin primes if and only if p + 2 can be represented as the sum of two primes. Brun (1919): Even if there are infinitely many twin primes, the series of all twin prime reciprocals does converges to [Brun's constant] (A065421). Clement (1949): For every n > 1, (n, n+2) are twin primes if and only if 4((n-1)! + 1) == -n (mod n(n+2)). - Stefan Steinerberger, Dec 04 2005
A164292(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 29 2010
The 100355-digit numbers 65516468355 * 2^333333 +- 1 are currently the largest known twin prime pair. They were discovered by Twin Prime Search and Primegrid in August 2009. - Paul Muljadi, Mar 07 2011
For every n > 2, the pair (n, n+2) is a twin prime if and only if ((n-1)!!)^4 == 1 (mod n*(n+2)). - Thomas Ordowski, Aug 15 2016
The term "twin primes" ("primzahlzwillinge", in German) was coined by the German mathematician Paul Gustav Samuel Stäckel (1862-1919) in 1916. Brun (1919) used the same term in French ("nombres premiers jumeaux"). Glaisher (1878) and Hardy and Littlewood (1923) used the term "prime-pairs". The term "twin primes" in English was used by Dantzig (1930). - Amiram Eldar, May 20 2023
REFERENCES
Tobias Dantzig, Number: The Language of Science, Macmillan, 1930.
Paulo Ribenboim, The New Book of Prime Number Records, Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp. 259-265.
LINKS
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, p. 870.
Viggo Brun, La série 1/5 + 1/7 + 1/11 + 1/13 + 1/17 + 1/19 + 1/29 + 1/31 + 1/41 + 1/43 + 1/59 + 1/61 + ... où les dénominateurs sont "nombres premiers jumeaux" est convergente ou finie, Bull Sci. Math. 43 (1919), 100-104 and 124-128.
J. P. Delahaye, Premiers jumeaux: frères ennemis? [Twin primes: Enemy Brothers?], Pour la science, No. 260 (Juin 1999), 102-106.
Harvey Dubner, Twin Prime Statistics, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.4.2.
J. C. Evard, Twin primes and their applications [Cached copy on the Wayback Machine]
J. C. Evard, Twin primes and their applications [Local cached copy]
J. C. Evard, Twin primes and their applications [Pdf file of cached copy]
J. W. L. Glaisher, An enumeration of prime-pairs, Messenger of Mathematics, Vol. 8 (1878), pp. 28-33.
Andrew Granville, Primes in intervals of bounded length, Joint Math Meeting, Current Events Bulletin, Baltimore, Friday, Jan 17 2014.
G. H. Hardy and J. E. Littlewood, Some problems of 'Partitio numerorum'; III: On the expression of a number as a sum of primes, Acta Mathematica, Vol. 44, No. 1 (1923), pp. 1-70; alternative link.
Nick MacKinnon, Problem 10844, Amer. Math. Monthly 109, (2002), p. 78.
James Maynard, Small gaps between primes, Annals of Mathematics, Second series, Vol. 181, No. 1 (2015), pp. 383-413; arXiv preprint, arXiv:1311.4600 [math.NT], 2013-2019.
D. H. J. Polymath, New equidistribution estimates of Zhang type, and bounded gaps between primes, arXiv:1402.0811 [math.NT], 2014.
D. H. J. Polymath, Variants of the Selberg sieve, and bounded intervals containing many primes, arXiv:1407.4897 [math.NT], 2014.
Paul Stäckel, Die Darstellung der geraden Zahlen als Summen von zwei Primzahlen, Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (in German), Abt. A, Bd. 10 (1916), pp. 1-47. See p. 22.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Twin Primes.
Yitang Zhang, Bounded gaps between primes, Annals of Mathematics, Volume 179, Issue 3 (2014), Pages 1121-1174.
MAPLE
A001097 := proc(n)
option remember;
if n = 1 then
3;
else
for a from procname(n-1)+1 do
if isprime(a) and ( isprime(a-2) or isprime(a+2) ) then
return a;
end if;
end do:
end if;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Feb 19 2015
MATHEMATICA
Select[ Prime[ Range[120]], PrimeQ[ # - 2] || PrimeQ[ # + 2] &] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 09 2005 *)
Union[Flatten[Select[Partition[Prime[Range[200]], 2, 1], #[[2]]-#[[1]] == 2&]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 19 2015 *)
PROG
(PARI) isA001097(n) = (isprime(n) && (isprime(n+2) || isprime(n-2))) \\ Michael B. Porter, Oct 29 2009
(PARI) a(n)=if(n==1, return(3)); my(p); forprime(q=3, default(primelimit), if(q-p==2 && (n-=2)<0, return(if(n==-1, q, p))); p=q) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 22 2012
(PARI) list(lim)=my(v=List([3]), p=5); forprime(q=7, lim, if(q-p==2, listput(v, p); listput(v, q)); p=q); if(p+2>lim && isprime(p+2), listput(v, p)); Vec(v) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 17 2017
(Haskell)
a001097 n = a001097_list !! (n-1)
a001097_list = filter ((== 1) . a164292) [1..]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 03 2014, Nov 27 2011
(Python)
from sympy import nextprime
from itertools import islice
def agen(): # generator of terms
yield 3
p, q = 5, 7
while True:
if q - p == 2: yield from [p, q]
p, q = q, nextprime(q)
print(list(islice(agen(), 58))) # Michael S. Branicky, Apr 30 2022
CROSSREFS
Cf. A070076, A001359, A006512, A164292. See A077800 for another version.
Sequence in context: A045393 A132143 A239879 * A117243 A179679 A059362
KEYWORD
nonn,core,nice
AUTHOR
N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 15 1996
STATUS
approved

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Last modified March 19 04:58 EDT 2024. Contains 370952 sequences. (Running on oeis4.)