OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
"All these zeros of the form s + it have real part s = 1/2 and are simple. Thus the Riemann hypothesis is true at least for t < 3330657430697." - Wedeniwski
From Daniel Forgues, Jul 24 2009: (Start)
All nontrivial zeros on the critical line, of the form 1/2 + i*t, have an associated conjugate nontrivial zero of the form 1/2 - i*t.
Any nontrivial zeros off the critical line, if ever found, would come in pairs (1/2 +- delta) + i*t, 0 < delta < 1/2. Each of these pairs, again if ever found, would then have their associated conjugate pair (1/2 +- delta) - i*t, 0 < delta < 1/2. (End)
The sequence is not strictly increasing. - Joerg Arndt, Jan 17 2015
The fraction of numbers n such that a(n) = a(n-1) has density 1. There are only finitely many numbers n with a(n) > a(n-1) + 1, see A208436. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 07 2018
Conjecture: Noninteger rationals of the form m/2^bigomega(m) that can be used to approximate this sequence, i.e. a(n) ~~ 2*Pi*A374074(n)/2^bigomega(A374074(n)) - n/2 +- (...), where '~~' means 'close to'. - Friedjof Tellkamp, Jul 04 2024
REFERENCES
Gregory Benford, Gravity's whispers, Futures Column, Nature, 446 (Jul 15 2010), p. 406. [Gravity waves are detected on Earth that turn out to contain a list of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function, essentially this sequence]
E. Bombieri, "The Riemann Hypothesis" in 'The Millennium Prize Problems' Chap. 7 pp. 107-128 Eds: J. Carlson, A. Jaffe & A. Wiles, Amer. Math. Soc. Providence RI 2006.
P. Borwein et al., The Riemann Hypothesis, Can. Math. Soc. (CMS) Ottawa ON 2007.
S. Chowla, Riemann Hypothesis and Hilbert's Tenth Problem, Mathematics and Its Application Series Vol. 4, Taylor & Francis NY 1965.
J. Derbyshire, Prime Obsession, Penguin Books 2004.
K. Devlin, The Millennium Problems, Chapter 1 (pp. 19-62) Basic Books NY 2002.
M. du Sautoy, The Music of the Primes, Fourth Estate/HarperCollins NY 2003.
H. M. Edwards, Riemann's Zeta Function, Academic Press, NY, 1974, p. 96.
C. B. Haselgrove and J. C. P. Miller, Tables of the Riemann Zeta Function. Royal Society Mathematical Tables, Vol. 6, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1960, p. 58.
A. Ivic, The Riemann Zeta-Function: Theory and Applications, Dover NY 2003.
D. S. Jandu, Riemann Hypothesis and Prime Number Theorem, Infinite Bandwidth Publishing, N. Hollywood CA 2006.
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G. Lachaud, "L'hypothèse de Riemann" in La Recherche No.346 October 2001 pp. 24-30 (or Les Dossiers de La Recherche No. Aug 20 2005 pp. 26-35) Paris.
M. L. Lapidus, In Search of the Riemann Zeros, Amer. Math. Soc. (AMS) Providence RI 2008.
P. Meier & J. Steuding, "L'hypothèse de Riemann" in 'Pour la Science' (French Edition of 'Scientific American') pp 22-9, March 2009, Issue No. 377, Paris.
P. Odifreddi, The Mathematical Century, Chapter 5.2, p. 168, Princeton Univ. Press NJ 2004.
S. J. Patterson, An Introduction to the Theory of the Riemann Zeta-Function, Cambridge Univ. Press, UK 1995.
D. N. Rockmore, Stalking the Riemann Hypothesis, Jonathan Cape UK 2005.
K. Sabbagh, The Riemann Hypothesis, Farrar Straus Giroux NY 2003.
K. Sabbagh, Dr. Riemann's Zeros, Atlantic Books London 2003.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
E. C. Titchmarsh, The Theory of the Riemann Zeta-Function, Clarendon Press NY 1986.
LINKS
Charles R Greathouse IV, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
J. Arias-de-Reyna, X-Ray of Riemann's zeta-function, arXiv:math/0309433 [math.NT], 2003.
E. Bogomolny et al., On the spacing distribution of the Riemann zeros:corrections to the asymptotic result, arXiv:math/0602270 [math.NT], 2006.
E. Bogomolny et al., On the spacing distribution of the Riemann zeros: corrections to the asymptotic result, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, Vol. 39, No. 34 (2006), 10743-10754.
E. Bombieri, The Riemann Hypothesis
E. Bombieri, The Indivisible Man: Reviews of "Prime Obsession" by J. Derbyshire & "The Riemann Hypothesis" by K. Sabbagh
J. M. Borwein, D. M. Bradley & R. E. Crandall, Computational strategies for the Riemann zeta function
L. de Branges, Apology For The Proof of The Riemann Hypothesis
R. P. Brent, J. van de Lune, H. J. J. te Riele & D. T. Winter, The first 200,000,001 zeros of Riemann's zeta function
K. A. Broughan, Encoding of and Phase portraits of the Riemann Zeta Zeros
C. K. Caldwell, The Prime Glossary, Riemann hypothesis
C. S. Calude et al., Do the Zeros of Riemann's Zeta-Function Form a Random Sequence ?
T. H. Chan, Pair Correlation of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function in longer ranges, arXiv:math/0305340 [math.NT], 2003.
H. T. Chan, Distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function in longer intervals, arXiv:math/0305341 [math.NT], 2003.
H. T. Chan, More precise Pair Correlation Conjecture, arXiv:math/0206293 [math.NT], 2002.
H. T. Chan, More precise pair correlation of zeros and primes in short intervals, arXiv:math/0206292 [math.NT], 2002.
Chance News, Chance in the Primes
A. Y. Cheer & D. A. Goldston, Simple Zeros of the Riemann Zeta-Function, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 118 (1993) 365.
Y.-J. Choie et al., On Robin's criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis, arXiv:math/0604314 [math.NT], 2006.
Y.-J. Choie et al., On Robin's criterion for the Riemann hypothesis, Journal de théorie des nombres de Bordeaux, Vol 19, No. 2 (2007), 357-372.
B. Cipra, A Prime Case of Chaos
J. B. Conrey, The Riemann Hypothesis, Notices of the AMS, Vol. 50, No. 3 (2003), 341-353.
J. B. Conrey & G. Myerson, On the Balazard-Saias criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis, arXiv:math/0002254 [math.NT], 2000.
C. Daney, Open Questions:The Riemann Hypothesis
H. Delille, L'Hypothèse de Riemann (Expository papers in French) [popup windows]
J. Derbyshire, Prime Obsession
E. Elizalde, V. Moretti & S. Zerbini, On recent strategies proposed for proving Riemann hypothesis, arXiv:math-ph/0109006, 2001.
E. Elizalde, V. Moretti, and S. Zerbini, On Recent Strategies Proposed for Proving the Riemann Hypothesis, International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 18, No. 12 (2003), 2189-2196.
D. W. Farmer, Counting distinct zeros of the Riemann zeta-function, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 2 (1995), #R1.
K. Ford & A Zaharescu, On the distribution of imaginary parts of zeros of the Riemann zeta function, arXiv:math/0405459 [math.NT], 2004.
K. Ford and A. Zaharescu, On the distribution of imaginary parts of zeros of the Riemann zeta function, Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, Vol. 2005, No. 579 (2005), 145-158.
W. F. Galway, Computations related to the Riemann Hypothesis
R. Garunkstis and J. Steuding, On the distribution of zeros of the Hurwitz zeta-function, Math. Comput. 76 (2007), 323-337.
R. Garunkstis and J. Steuding, Questions around the Nontrivial Zeros of the Riemann Zeta-Function. Computations and Classifications, Math. Model. Anal. 16 (2011), 72-81.
D. A. Goldston, Notes on Pair Correlation of Zeros and Prime Numbers, arXiv:math/0412313 [math.NT], 2004.
D. A. Goldston & S. M. Gonek, A note on S(T) and the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function, arXiv:math/0511092 [math.NT], 2005.
S. Gonek, Three Lectures on the Riemann Zeta-Function, arXiv:math/0401126 [math.NT], 2004.
J. Good & B. Churchhouse, A New Conjecture Related to the Riemann Hypothesis
X. Gourdon, The 10^13 first zeros of the Riemann Zeta function and zeros computation at very large height
X. Gourdon & P. Sebah, The Riemann Zeta-function zeta(s)
S. W. Graham, Review of "Prime Obsession" by J. Derbyshire
S. W. Graham, Review of "The Riemann Hypothesis" by K. Sabbagh
J. P. Gram, Note sur les zéros de la fonction zeta(s) de Riemann, Acta Mathematica, 27 (1903), 289-304.
Mats Granvik, Mathematica programs comparing limiting ratios vs Newton-Raphson method for finding Riemann zeta zeros.
Mats Granvik, Plots from the Mathematica programs comparing limiting ratios vs Newton-Raphson method for finding Riemann zeta zeros.
A. Granville, Nombres premiers et chaos quantique (Text in French)
J. Hadamard, Sur la distribution des zeros de la fonction zeta(s) et ses consequences arithmetiques (Text in French)
B. Hayes, The Spectrum of Riemannium
D. R. Heath-Brown, Zeros of the Riemann Zeta-Function on the Critical Line
A. Ivic, On some reasons for doubting the Riemann hypothesis, arXiv:math/0311162 [math.NT], 2003.
A. Ivic, On some recent results in the theory of the zeta-function, arXiv:math/0312425 [math.NT], 2003.
A. Ivic & H. J. J. te Riele, On the zeros of the error term for the mean square of | zeta(1/2 + it) |
D. Jao, PlanetMath.Org, Riemann zeta function
C.-X. Jiang, Disproofs Of Riemann's Hypothesis
N. M. Katz & P. Sarnak, Zeroes of zeta functions and symmetry, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 36 (1999), 1-26.
E. Klarreich, Prime Time
A. F. Lavrik, Riemann hypotheses
A. LeClair, An electrostatic depiction of the validity of the Riemann Hypothesis and a formula for the N-th zero at large N, arXiv:1305.2613 [math-ph], 2013.
N. Levinson, At Least One-Third of Zeros of Riemann's Zeta-Function are on sigma=1/2, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr; 71(4): 1013-1015.
Lionman & Allispaul, Riemann Hypothesis
LMDBF, The Riemann zeta-function
J. van de Lune, H. J. J. te Riele & D. T. Winter, Rigorous High Speed Separation Of Zeros Of Riemann's Zeta Function
J. van de Lune & H. J. J. te Riele, Rigorous High Speed Separation Of Zeros Of Riemann's Zeta Function, II
J. van de Lune & H. J. J. te Riele, Rigorous High Speed Separation Of Zeros of Riemann's Zeta Function, III
J. van de Lune & H. J. J. te Riele, On the Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function in the Critical Strip, III
J. van de Lune, H. J. J. te Riele & D. T. Winter, On the Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function in the Critical Strip, IV
B. Luque & L. Lucasa, The first-digit frequencies of prime numbers and Riemann zeta zeros, Proceedings of The Royal Society A, Apr 22 2009.
J. H. Mathews, The Riemann Hypothesis (Bibliography)
N. Ng, Large gaps between the zeros of the Riemann zeta function, arXiv:math/0510530 [math.NT], 2005.
A. M. Odlyzko, Tables of zeros of the Riemann zeta function
A. M. Odlyzko, Primes, Quantum Chaos and Computers
A. M. Odlyzko & H. J. J. te Riele, Disproof of the Mertens Conjecture
A. M. Odlyzko & M. Schoenhage, Fast algorithms for multiple evaluations of the Riemann zeta function
Ed. Pegg Jr., Ten Trillion Zeta Zeros
Ed. Pegg Jr., The Riemann Hypothesis
J. C. Perez-Moure, Evidences that the Riemann Hypothesis is true
Simon Plouffe, The first (non trivial) zeros of the Riemann Zeta function
G. Pugh, The Riemann Hypothesis in a Nutshell
K. Ramachandra, 'Current Science' 77(7)951 10.10.1999, On the future of Riemann Hypothesis(pp 1-3/28)
H. J. J. te Riele, Some historical and other notes about the Mertens conjecture and its recent disproof
H. J. J. te Riele, On the History of the function M(x)/sqrt(x) since Stieltjes
A. Rifat, A Physics-based Explanation of the Riemann Hypothesis and its Relationship to Signal Processing
M. du Sautoy, The music of the primes
N. J. A. Sloane, "A Handbook of Integer Sequences" Fifty Years Later, arXiv:2301.03149 [math.NT], 2023, p. 6.
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J. Sondow, The Riemann Hypothesis, simple zeros and the asymptotic convergence degree of improper Riemann sums
J. Sondow, MathWorld: Riemann-von Mangoldt Formula
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K. Soundararajan, On the Distribution of Gaps between Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function, in 'The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics' pp. 383-Sep 07 1996 Vol. 47 No. 187 Oxford Univ. Press.
G. Spencer-Brown, A Short Proof Of Riemann's Hypothesis
Jörn Steuding, On simple zeros of the Riemann zeta-function
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A. de Vries, The Graph of the Riemann zeta function zeta(s)
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M. R. Watkins, The 'encoding' of the distribution of prime numbers by the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function
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Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Xi-Function
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Wolfram Research, First few computations of Z(n) (nontrivial zeros power sums)
FORMULA
a(n) ~ (2*Pi*e) * e^(W0(n/e)), where W0 is the principal branch of Lambert's W function. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 14 2012, corrected by Hal M. Switkay, Oct 04 2021
a(n) ~ 2*Pi*(n - 11/8)/ProductLog((n - 11/8)/exp(1)). This is the asymptotic by Guilherme França and André LeClair. - Mats Granvik, Mar 10 2015; corrected May 16 2016
EXAMPLE
MATHEMATICA
Table[Round[Im[ZetaZero[n]]], {n, 59}] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 02 2011 *)
PROG
(Sage)
def A002410_list(n):
Z = lcalc.zeros(n)
return [round(z) for z in Z]
A002410_list(59) # Peter Luschny, May 02 2014
(PARI) apply(round, lfunzeros(lzeta, 100)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 10 2016
CROSSREFS
Cf. A013629 (floor), A092783 (ceiling), A057641, A057640, A058209, A058210, A120401, A122526, A072080, A124288 ("unstable" zeta zeros), A124289 ("unstable twins"), A236212, A177885, A374074 (approximation).
KEYWORD
nonn,easy,nice
AUTHOR
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Pab Ter (pabrlos(AT)yahoo.com), May 08 2004
STATUS
approved