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A005773 Number of directed animals of size n (or directed n-ominoes in standard position).
(Formerly M1443)
98
1, 1, 2, 5, 13, 35, 96, 267, 750, 2123, 6046, 17303, 49721, 143365, 414584, 1201917, 3492117, 10165779, 29643870, 86574831, 253188111, 741365049, 2173243128, 6377181825, 18730782252, 55062586341, 161995031226, 476941691177, 1405155255055, 4142457992363 (list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
This sequence, with first term a(0) deleted, appears to be determined by the conditions that the diagonal and first superdiagonal of U are {1,1,1,1,...} and {2,3,4,5,...,n+1,...} respectively, where A=LU is the LU factorization of the Hankel matrix A given by [{a(1),a(2),...}, {a(2),a(3),...}, ..., {a(n),a(n+1),...}, ...]. - John W. Layman, Jul 21 2000
Also the number of base 3 n-digit numbers (not starting with 0) with digit sum n. For the analogous sequence in base 10 see A071976, see example. - John W. Layman, Jun 22 2002
Also number of paths in an n X n grid from (0,0) to the line x=n-1, using only steps U=(1,1), H=(1,0) and D=(1,-1) (i.e., left factors of length n-1 of Motzkin paths, palindromic Motzkin paths of length 2n-2 or 2n-1). Example: a(3)=5, namely, HH, UD, HU, UH and UU. Also number of ordered trees with n edges and having nonroot nodes of outdegree at most 2. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 01 2002
Number of symmetric Dyck paths of semilength 2n-1 with no peaks at even level. Example: a(3)=5 because we have UDUDUDUDUD, UDUUUDDDUD, UUUUUDDDDD, UUUDUDUDDD and UUUDDUUDDD, where U=(1,1) and D=(1,-1). Also number of symmetric Dyck paths of semilength 2n with no peaks at even level. Example: a(3)=5 because we have UDUDUDUDUDUD, UDUUUDUDDDUD, UUUDUDUDUDDD, UUUUUDUDDDDD and UUUDDDUUUDDD. - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 21 2003
a(n) is the sum of the (n-1)-st central trinomial coefficient and its predecessor. Example: a(4) = 6 + 7 and (1 + x + x^2)^3 = ... + 6*x^2 + 7*x^3 + ... . - David Callan, Feb 07 2004
a(n) is the number of UDU-free paths of n upsteps (U) and n downsteps (D) that start U (n>=1). Example: a(2)=2 counts UUDD, UDDU. - David Callan, Aug 18 2004
a(n) is also the number of Grand-Dyck paths of semilength n starting with an up-step and avoiding the pattern DUD. - David Bevan, Nov 19 2019
Hankel transform of a(n+1) = [1,2,5,13,35,96,...] gives A000012 = [1,1,1,1,1,1,...]. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 24 2007
Equals row sums of triangle A136787 starting (1, 2, 5, 13, 35, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Jan 21 2008
a(n) is the number of permutations on [n] that avoid the patterns 1-23-4 and 1-3-2, where the omission of a dash in a pattern means the permutation entries must be adjacent. Example: a(4) = 13 counts all 14 (Catalan number) (1-3-2)-avoiding permutations on [4] except 1234. - David Callan, Jul 22 2008
a(n) is also the number of involutions of length 2n-2 which are invariant under the reverse-complement map and have no decreasing subsequences of length 4. - Eric S. Egge, Oct 21 2008
Hankel transform is A010892. - Paul Barry, Jan 19 2009
a(n) is the number of Dyck words of semilength n with no DUUU. For example, a(4) = 14-1 = 13 because there is only one Dyck 4-word containing DUUU, namely UDUUUDDD. - Eric Rowland, Apr 21 2009
Inverse binomial transform of A024718. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 13 2009
Let w(i, j, n) denote walks in N^2 which satisfy the multivariate recurrence
w(i, j, n) = w(i - 1, j, n - 1) + w(i, j - 1, n - 1) + w(i + 1, j - 1,n - 1) with boundary conditions w(0,0,0) = 1 and w(i,j,n) = 0 if i or j or n is < 0. Let alpha(n) the number of such walks of length n, alpha(n) = Sum_{i = 0..n, j=0..n} w(i, j, n). Then a(n+1) = alpha(n). - Peter Luschny, May 21 2011
Number of length-n strings [d(0),d(1),d(2),...,d(n-1)] where 0 <= d(k) <= k and abs(d(k) - d(k-1)) <= 1 (smooth factorial numbers, see example). - Joerg Arndt, Nov 10 2012
a(n) is the number of n-multisets of {1,...,n} containing no pair of consecutive integers (e.g., 111, 113, 133, 222, 333 for n=3). - David Bevan, Jun 10 2013
a(n) is also the number of n-multisets of [n] in which no integer except n occurs exactly once (e.g., 111, 113, 222, 223, 333 for n=3). - David Bevan, Nov 19 2019
Number of minimax elements in the affine Weyl group of the Lie algebra so(2n+1) or the Lie algebra sp(2n). See Panyushev 2005. Cf. A245455. - Peter Bala, Jul 22 2014
The shifted, signed array belongs to an interpolated family of arrays associated to the Catalan A000108 (t=1), and Riordan, or Motzkin sums A005043 (t=0), with the interpolating (here t=-2) o.g.f. G(x,t) = (1-sqrt(1-4x/(1+(1-t)x)))/2 and inverse o.g.f. Ginv(x,t) = x(1-x)/(1+(t-1)x(1-x)) (A057682). See A091867 for more info on this family. - Tom Copeland, Nov 09 2014
Alternatively, this sequence corresponds to the number of positive walks with n steps {-1,0,1} starting at the origin, ending at any altitude, and staying strictly above the x-axis. - David Nguyen, Dec 01 2016
Let N be a squarefree number with n prime factors: p_1 < p_2 < ... < p_n. Let D be its set of divisors, E the subset of D X D made of the (d_1, d_2) for which, provided that we know which p_i are in d_1, which p_i are in d_2, d_1 <= d_2 is provable without needing to know the numerical values of the p_i. It appears that a(n+1) is the number of (d_1, d_2) in E such that d_1 and d_2 are coprime. - Luc Rousseau, Aug 21 2017
Number of ordered rooted trees with n non-root nodes and all non-root nodes having outdegrees 1 or 2. - Andrew Howroyd, Dec 04 2017
a(n) is the number of compositions (ordered partitions) of n where there are A001006(k-1) sorts of part k (see formula by Andrew Howroyd, Dec 04 2017). - Joerg Arndt, Jan 26 2024
REFERENCES
J. E. Goodman and J. O'Rourke, editors, Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry, CRC Press, 1997, p. 237.
T. Mansour, Combinatorics of Set Partitions, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, CRC Press, 2013, p. 377.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Cambridge, Vol. 2, 1999; see Problem 6.46a.
R. P. Stanley, Catalan Numbers, Cambridge, 2015, p. 132.
LINKS
Kassie Archer and Christina Graves, A new statistic on Dyck paths for counting 3-dimensional Catalan words, arXiv:2205.09686 [math.CO], 2022.
A. Asinowski and G. Rote, Point sets with many non-crossing matchings, arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.04925 [cs.CG], 2015.
Andrei Asinowski, Axel Bacher, Cyril Banderier and Bernhard Gittenberger, Analytic combinatorics of lattice paths with forbidden patterns, the vectorial kernel method, and generating functions for pushdown automata, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris Nord (LIPN 2019).
Andrei Asinowski, Cyril Banderier and Valerie Roitner, Generating functions for lattice paths with several forbidden patterns, (2019).
C. Banderier and P. Hitczenko, Enumeration and asymptotics of restricted compositions having the same number of parts, Disc. Appl. Math. 160 (18) (2012) 2542-2554.
C. Banderier, C. Krattenthaler, A. Krinik, D. Kruchinin, V. Kruchinin, D. Nguyen, and M. Wallner, Explicit formulas for enumeration of lattice paths: basketball and the kernel method, arXiv:1609.06473 [math.CO], 2016.
E. Barcucci et al., From Motzkin to Catalan Permutations, Discr. Math., 217 (2000), 33-49.
Elena Barcucci, Antonio Bernini and Renzo Pinzani, Exhaustive generation of positive lattice paths, Semantic Sensor Networks Workshop 2018, CEUR Workshop Proceedings (2018) Vol. 2113.
Jean-Luc Baril, David Bevan and Sergey Kirgizov, Bijections between directed animals, multisets and Grand-Dyck paths, arXiv:1906.11870 [math.CO], 2019.
Jean-Luc Baril, Rigoberto Flórez, and José L. Ramírez, Counting symmetric and asymmetric peaks in motzkin paths with air pockets, Univ. Bourgogne (France, 2023).
Jean-Luc Baril, Sergey Kirgizov and Armen Petrossian, Forests and pattern-avoiding permutations modulo pure descents, Permutation Patterns 2017, Reykjavik University, Iceland, June 26-30, 2017.
Paul Barry, Riordan-Bernstein Polynomials, Hankel Transforms and Somos Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 15 2012, #12.8.2.
Paul Barry, Riordan arrays, generalized Narayana triangles, and series reversion, Linear Algebra and its Applications, 491 (2016) 343-385.
Ange Bigeni and Evgeny Feigin, Poincaré polynomials of the degenerate flag varieties of type C, arXiv:1804.10804 [math.CO], 2018.
Alin Bostan, Computer Algebra for Lattice Path Combinatorics, Seminaire de Combinatoire Ph. Flajolet, March 28 2013.
Alin Bostan and Manuel Kauers, Automatic Classification of Restricted Lattice Walks, arXiv:0811.2899 [math.CO], 2009.
Alin Bostan, Andrew Elvey Price, Anthony John Guttmann and Jean-Marie Maillard, Stieltjes moment sequences for pattern-avoiding permutations, arXiv:2001.00393 [math.CO], 2020.
M. Bousquet-Mélou, New enumerative results on two-dimensional directed animals, Discr. Math., 180 (1998), 73-106.
Xiang-Ke Chang, X.-B. Hu, H. Lei and Y.-N. Yeh, Combinatorial proofs of addition formulas, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 23(1) (2016), #P1.8.
Gi-Sang Cheon, Hana Kim and Louis W. Shapiro, Combinatorics of Riordan arrays with identical A and Z sequences, Discrete Math., 312 (2012), 2040-2049.
Hyunsoo Cho, JiSun Huh and Jaebum Sohn, Counting self-conjugate (s,s+1,s+2)-core partitions, arXiv:1904.02313 [math.CO], 2019.
Ji Young Choi, Digit Sums Generalizing Binomial Coefficients, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 22 (2019), Article 19.8.3.
R. De Castro, A. L. Ramírez and J. L. Ramírez, Applications in Enumerative Combinatorics of Infinite Weighted Automata and Graphs, arXiv:1310.2449 [cs.DM], 2013.
D. E. Davenport, L. W. Shapiro and L. C. Woodson, The Double Riordan Group, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 18(2) (2012), #P33. - From N. J. A. Sloane, May 11 2012
Patrick Dehornoy and Emilie Tesson, Garside combinatorics for Thompson's monoid F+ and a hybrid with the braid monoid B_oo+, arXiv:1803.02639 [math.GR], 2018.
Isaac DeJager, Madeleine Naquin and Frank Seidl, Colored Motzkin Paths of Higher Order, VERUM 2019.
Emeric Deutsch and B. E. Sagan, Congruences for Catalan and Motzkin numbers and related sequences, arXiv:math/0407326 [math.CO], 2004.
Emeric Deutsch and B. E. Sagan, Congruences for Catalan and Motzkin numbers and related sequences, J. Num. Theory 117 (2006), 191-215.
D. Dhar et al., Enumeration of directed site animals on two-dimensional lattices, J. Phys. A 15 (1982), L279-L284.
I. Dolinka, J. East, A. Evangelou, D. FitzGerald and N. Ham, Idempotent Statistics of the Motzkin and Jones Monoids, arXiv:1507.04838 [math.CO], 2015.
Tomislav Došlic and Darko Veljan, Logarithmic behavior of some combinatorial sequences, Discrete Math. 308 (2008), no. 11, 2182--2212. MR2404544 (2009j:05019) - From N. J. A. Sloane, May 01 2012
P. Flajolet and R. Sedgewick, Analytic Combinatorics, 2009; see page 81.
Juan B. Gil and Luiz E. Lopez, Enumeration of symmetric arc diagrams, arXiv:2203.10589 [math.CO], 2022.
Samuele Giraudo, Tree series and pattern avoidance in syntax trees, arXiv:1903.00677 [math.CO], 2019.
D. Gouyou-Beauchamps and G. Viennot, Equivalence of the two-dimensional directed animal problem to a one-dimensional path problem, Adv. in Appl. Math. 9 (1988), no. 3, 334-357.
Taras Goy and Mark Shattuck, Determinants of Some Hessenberg-Toeplitz Matrices with Motzkin Number Entries, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 26 (2023), Article 23.3.4.
Petr Gregor, Torsten Mütze, and Namrata, Combinatorial generation via permutation languages. VI. Binary trees, arXiv:2306.08420 [cs.DM], 2023.
Petr Gregor, Torsten Mütze, and Namrata, Pattern-Avoiding Binary Trees-Generation, Counting, and Bijections, Leibniz Int'l Proc. Informatics (LIPIcs), 34th Int'l Symp. Algor. Comp. (ISAAC 2023). See p. 33.13.
T. Halverson and M. Reeks, Gelfand Models for Diagram Algebras, arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.6150 [math.RT], 2013.
Nickolas Hein and Jia Huang, Variations of the Catalan numbers from some nonassociative binary operations, arXiv:1807.04623 [math.CO], 2018.
Nickolas Hein and Jia Huang, Modular Catalan Numbers, arXiv:1508.01688 [math.CO], 2015-2016. See Table 1.1 p. 2.
Aoife Hennessy, A Study of Riordan Arrays with Applications to Continued Fractions, Orthogonal Polynomials and Lattice Paths, Ph. D. Thesis, Waterford Institute of Technology, Oct. 2011
V. Jelinek, T. Mansour and M. Shattuck, On multiple pattern avoiding set partitions, Adv. Appl. Math. 50 (2) (2013) 292-326, Theorem 4.2.
Christian Krattenthaler and Daniel Yaqubi, Some determinants of path generating functions, II, Adv. Appl. Math. 101 (2018), 232-265.
J. W. Layman, The Hankel Transform and Some of its Properties, J. Integer Sequences, 4 (2001), #01.1.5.
T. Mansour, Restricted 1-3-2 permutations and generalized patterns, arXiv:math/0110039 [math.CO], 2001.
T. Mansour, Restricted 1-3-2 permutations and generalized patterns, Annals of Combin., 6 (2002), 65-76.
T. Mansour and M. Shattuck, Restricted partitions and generalized Catalan numbers, PU. M. A., Vol. (2011), No. 2, pp. 239-251. - From N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 13 2012
T. Mansour, M. Shattuck and D. G. L. Wang, Counting subwords in flattened permutations, arXiv:1307.3637 [math.CO], 2013.
Toufik Mansour, Mark Shattuck, and Stephen Wagner, Counting subwords in flattened permutations, Discrete Math., 338 (2015), pp. 1989-2005.
Jan Němeček and Martin Klazar, A bijection between nonnegative words and sparse abba-free partitions, Discr. Math., 265 (2003), 411-416.
D. I. Panyushev, Ideals of Heisenberg type and minimax elements of affine Weyl groups, arXiv:math/0311347 [math.RT], Lie Groups and Invariant Theory, Amer. Math. Soc. Translations, Series 2, Volume 213, (2005), ed. E. Vinberg.
P. Peart and W.-J. Woan, Generating Functions via Hankel and Stieltjes Matrices, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 3 (2000), #00.2.1.
M. Qin, E. Yaakobi and P. H. Siegel, Constrained Codes that Mitigate Inter-Cell Interference in Read/Write Cycles for Flash Memories, IEEE Jnl. Selected Areas in Communications, 2014. See Eq. (1). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 16 2014
E. Rowland and R. Yassawi, Automatic congruences for diagonals of rational functions, arXiv:1310.8635 [math.NT], 2013.
A. Sapounakis, I. Tasoulas and P. Tsikouras, Counting strings in Dyck paths, Discrete Math., 307 (2007), 2909-2924.
Mark Shattuck, Pattern Avoiding Set Partitions and Sequence A005773, Talk given at AMS Regional Meeting, Rutgers University, Nov 15 2015; Abstract 1115-05-211.
P. O. Vontobel, Counting balanced sequences w/o forbidden patterns via the Bethe approximation and loop calculus, Information Theory (ISIT), 2014 IEEE International Symposium on, June 29 2014-July 4 2014 Page(s): 1608-1612.
Sherry H. F. Yan, Yao Yu and Hao Zhou, On self-conjugate (s, s+1, .., s+k)-core partitions, arXiv:1905.00570 [math.CO], 2019.
D. Yaqubi, M. Farrokhi D.G. and H. Gahsemian Zoeram, Lattice paths inside a table. I, arXiv:1612.08697 [math.CO], 2016-2017.
FORMULA
G.f.: 2*x/(3*x-1+sqrt(1-2*x-3*x^2)). - Len Smiley
Also a(0)=1, a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} M(k)*a(n-k-1), where M(n) are the Motzkin numbers (A001006).
D-finite with recurrence n*a(n) = 2*n*a(n-1) + 3*(n-2)*a(n-2), a(0)=a(1)=1. - Michael Somos, Feb 02 2002
G.f.: 1/2+(1/2)*((1+x)/(1-3*x))^(1/2). Related to Motzkin numbers A001006 by a(n+1) = 3*a(n) - A001006(n-1) [see Yaqubi Lemma 2.6].
a(n) = Sum_{q=0..n} binomial(q, floor(q/2))*binomial(n-1, q) for n > 0. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 15 2002
From Paul Barry, Jun 22 2004: (Start)
a(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^(n+k)*C(n, k)*C(2*k+1, k+1).
a(n) = 0^n + Sum_{k=0..n-1} (-1)^(n+k-1)*C(n-1, k)*C(2*k+1, k+1). (End)
a(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k*3^(n-k)*binomial(n, k)*A000108(k). - Paul Barry, Jan 27 2005
Starting (1, 2, 5, 13, ...) gives binomial transform of A001405 and inverse binomial transform of A001700. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 31 2007
Starting (1, 2, 5, 13, 35, 96, ...) gives row sums of triangle A132814. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 31 2007
G.f.: 1/(1-x/(1-x-x^2/(1-x-x^2/(1-x-x^2/(1-x-x^2/(1-x-x^2/(1-... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, Jan 19 2009
G.f.: 1+x/(1-2*x-x^2/(1-x-x^2/(1-x-x^2/(1-x-x^2/(1-.... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, Jan 19 2009
a(n) = Sum_{l_1=0..n+1} Sum_{l_2=0..n}...Sum_{l_i=0..n-i}...Sum_{l_n=0..1} delta(l_1,l_2,...,l_i,...,l_n) where delta(l_1,l_2,...,l_i,...,l_n) = 0 if any (l_i - l_(i+1))^2 >= 2 for i=1..n-1 and delta(l_1,l_2,..., l_i,...,l_n) = 1 otherwise. - Thomas Wieder, Feb 25 2009
INVERT transform of offset Motzkin numbers (A001006): (a(n))_{n>=1}=(1,1,2,4,9,21,...). - David Callan, Aug 27 2009
A005773(n) = ((n+3)*A001006(n+1) + (n-3)*A001006(n)) * (n+2)/(18*n) for n > 0. - Mark van Hoeij, Jul 02 2010
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (k/n * Sum_{j=0..n} binomial(n,j)*binomial(j,2*j-n-k)). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Sep 06 2010
a(0) = 1; a(n+1) = Sum_{t=0..n} n!/((n-t)!*ceiling(t/2)!*floor(t/2)!. - Andrew S. Hays, Feb 02 2011
a(n) = leftmost column term of M^n*V, where M = an infinite quadradiagonal matrix with all 1's in the main, super and subdiagonals, [1,0,0,0,...] in the diagonal starting at position (2,0); and rest zeros. V = vector [1,0,0,0,...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 16 2011
From Gary W. Adamson, Jul 29 2011: (Start)
a(n) = upper left term of M^n, a(n+1) = sum of top row terms of M^n; M = an infinite square production matrix in which the main diagonal is (1,1,0,0,0,...) as follows:
1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...
1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...
1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, ...
1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...
1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, ...
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, ... (End)
Limit_{n->oo} a(n+1)/a(n) = 3.0 = lim_{n->oo} (1 + 2*cos(Pi/n)). - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 10 2012
a(n) = A025565(n+1) / 2 for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 30 2012
With first term deleted: E.g.f.: a(n) = n! * [x^n] exp(x)*(BesselI(0, 2*x) + BesselI(1, 2*x)). - Peter Luschny, Aug 25 2012
G.f.: G(0)/2 + 1/2, where G(k) = 1 + 2*x*(4*k+1)/( (2*k+1)*(1+x) - x*(1+x)*(2*k+1)*(4*k+3)/(x*(4*k+3) + (1+x)*(k+1)/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jun 24 2013
a(n) ~ 3^(n-1/2)/sqrt(Pi*n). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 30 2013
For n > 0, a(n) = (-1)^(n+1) * hypergeom([3/2, 1-n], [2], 4). - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Apr 25 2016
a(n) = GegenbauerC(n-2,-n+1,-1/2) + GegenbauerC(n-1,-n+1,-1/2) for n >= 1. - Peter Luschny, May 12 2016
0 = a(n)*(+9*a(n+1) + 18*a(n+2) - 9*a(n+3)) + a(n+1)*(-6*a(n+1) + 7*a(n+2) - 2*a(n+3)) + a(n+2)*(-2*a(n+2) + a(n+3)) for n >= 0. - Michael Somos, Dec 01 2016
G.f.: 1/(1-x*G(x)) where G(x) is g.f. of A001006. - Andrew Howroyd, Dec 04 2017
a(n) = (-1)^(n + 1)*2*JacobiP(n - 1, 3, -n - 1/2, -7)/(n^2 + n). - Peter Luschny, May 25 2021
a(n+1) = A005043(n) + 2*A005717(n) for n >= 1. - Peter Bala, Feb 11 2022
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} A064189(n-1,k) for n>=1. - Alois P. Heinz, Aug 29 2022
EXAMPLE
G.f. = 1 + x + 2*x^2 + 5*x^3 + 13*x^4 + 35*x^5 + 96*x^6 + 267*x^7 + ...
a(3) = 5, a(4) = 13; since the top row of M^3 = (5, 5, 2, 1, ...)
From Eric Rowland, Sep 25 2021: (Start)
There are a(4) = 13 directed animals of size 4:
O
O O O OO O O
O O OO O OO O OO OOO O O OO O
O OO O O OO OOO O O OO OOO OO OOO OOOO
(End)
From Joerg Arndt, Nov 10 2012: (Start)
There are a(4)=13 smooth factorial numbers of length 4 (dots for zeros):
[ 1] [ . . . . ]
[ 2] [ . . . 1 ]
[ 3] [ . . 1 . ]
[ 4] [ . . 1 1 ]
[ 5] [ . . 1 2 ]
[ 6] [ . 1 . . ]
[ 7] [ . 1 . 1 ]
[ 8] [ . 1 1 . ]
[ 9] [ . 1 1 1 ]
[10] [ . 1 1 2 ]
[11] [ . 1 2 1 ]
[12] [ . 1 2 2 ]
[13] [ . 1 2 3 ]
(End)
From Joerg Arndt, Nov 22 2012: (Start)
There are a(4)=13 base 3 4-digit numbers (not starting with 0) with digit sum 4:
[ 1] [ 2 2 . . ]
[ 2] [ 2 1 1 . ]
[ 3] [ 1 2 1 . ]
[ 4] [ 2 . 2 . ]
[ 5] [ 1 1 2 . ]
[ 6] [ 2 1 . 1 ]
[ 7] [ 1 2 . 1 ]
[ 8] [ 2 . 1 1 ]
[ 9] [ 1 1 1 1 ]
[10] [ 1 . 2 1 ]
[11] [ 2 . . 2 ]
[12] [ 1 1 . 2 ]
[13] [ 1 . 1 2 ]
(End)
MAPLE
seq( sum(binomial(i-1, k)*binomial(i-k, k), k=0..floor(i/2)), i=0..30 ); # Detlef Pauly (dettodet(AT)yahoo.de), Nov 09 2001
A005773:=proc(n::integer)
local i, j, A, istart, iend, KartProd, Liste, Term, delta;
A:=0;
for i from 0 to n do
Liste[i]:=NULL;
istart[i]:=0;
iend[i]:=n-i+1:
for j from istart[i] to iend[i] do
Liste[i]:=Liste[i], j;
end do;
Liste[i]:=[Liste[i]]:
end do;
KartProd:=cartprod([seq(Liste[i], i=1..n)]);
while not KartProd[finished] do
Term:=KartProd[nextvalue]();
delta:=1;
for i from 1 to n-1 do
if (op(i, Term) - op(i+1, Term))^2 >= 2 then
delta:=0;
break;
end if;
end do;
A:=A+delta;
end do;
end proc; # Thomas Wieder, Feb 22 2009:
# n -> [a(0), a(1), .., a(n)]
A005773_list := proc(n) local W, m, j, i;
W := proc(i, j, n) option remember;
if min(i, j, n) < 0 or max(i, j) > n then 0
elif n = 0 then if i = 0 and j = 0 then 1 else 0 fi
else W(i-1, j, n-1)+W(i, j-1, n-1)+W(i+1, j-1, n-1) fi end:
[1, seq(add(add(W(i, j, m), i=0..m), j=0..m), m=0..n-1)] end:
A005773_list(27); # Peter Luschny, May 21 2011
A005773 := proc(n)
option remember;
if n <= 1 then
1 ;
else
2*n*procname(n-1)+3*(n-2)*procname(n-2) ;
%/n ;
end if;
end proc:
seq(A005773(n), n=0..10) ; # R. J. Mathar, Jul 25 2017
MATHEMATICA
CoefficientList[Series[(2x)/(3x-1+Sqrt[1-2x-3x^2]), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 03 2011 *)
a[0]=1; a[n_] := Sum[k/n*Sum[Binomial[n, j]*Binomial[j, 2*j-n-k], {j, 0, n}], {k, 1, n}]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 40}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 31 2015, after Vladimir Kruchinin *)
A005773[n_] := 2 (-1)^(n+1) JacobiP[n - 1, 3, -n -1/2, -7] / (n^2 + n); A005773[0] := 1; Table[A005773[n], {n, 0, 27}] (* Peter Luschny, May 25 2021 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)=if(n<2, n>=0, (2*n*a(n-1)+3*(n-2)*a(n-2))/n)
(PARI) for(n=0, 27, print1(if(n==0, 1, sum(k=0, n-1, (-1)^(n - 1 + k)*binomial(n - 1, k)*binomial(2*k + 1, k + 1))), ", ")) \\ Indranil Ghosh, Mar 14 2017
(PARI) Vec(1/(1-serreverse(x*(1-x)/(1-x^3) + O(x*x^25)))) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Dec 04 2017
(Haskell)
a005773 n = a005773_list !! n
a005773_list = 1 : f a001006_list [] where
f (x:xs) ys = y : f xs (y : ys) where
y = x + sum (zipWith (*) a001006_list ys)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 30 2012
(Sage)
def da():
a, b, c, d, n = 0, 1, 1, -1, 1
yield 1
yield 1
while True:
yield b + (-1)^n*d
n += 1
a, b = b, (3*(n-1)*n*a+(2*n-1)*n*b)//((n+1)*(n-1))
c, d = d, (3*(n-1)*c-(2*n-1)*d)//n
A005773 = da()
print([next(A005773) for _ in range(28)]) # Peter Luschny, May 16 2016
(Sage) (2*x/(3*x-1+sqrt(1-2*x-3*x^2))).series(x, 30).coefficients(x, sparse=False) # G. C. Greubel, Apr 05 2019
(Magma) R<x>:=PowerSeriesRing(Rationals(), 30); Coefficients(R!( 2*x/(3*x-1+Sqrt(1-2*x-3*x^2)) )); // G. C. Greubel, Apr 05 2019
CROSSREFS
See also A005775. Inverse of A001006. Also sum of numbers in row n+1 of array T in A026300. Leading column of array in A038622.
The right edge of the triangle A062105.
Column k=3 of A295679.
Interpolates between Motzkin numbers (A001006) and Catalan numbers (A000108). Cf. A054391, A054392, A054393, A055898.
Except for the first term a(0), sequence is the binomial transform of A001405.
a(n) = A002426(n-1) + A005717(n-1) if n > 0. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 14 2002
Sequence in context: A355040 A235611 A307789 * A022855 A091190 A264228
KEYWORD
nonn,easy,nice
AUTHOR
STATUS
approved

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Last modified March 18 22:56 EDT 2024. Contains 370952 sequences. (Running on oeis4.)