A334647 a(n) is the total number of down steps between the first and second up steps in all 3_1-Dyck paths of length 4*n.

0, 5, 16, 78, 470, 3153, 22588, 169188, 1308762, 10374460, 83829856, 687929086, 5717602930, 48030047206, 407142435000, 3478286028840, 29917720938690, 258866494630164, 2251694583485824, 19677972159742360, 172694287830500440, 1521328368800877065

Offset

0,2

Comments

A 3_1-Dyck path is a lattice path with steps (1, 3), (1, -1) that starts and ends at y = 0 and stays above the line y = -1.

For n = 1, there is no 2nd up step, a(1) = 5 enumerates the total number of down steps between the 1st up step and the end of the path.

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=0..21.

Andrei Asinowski, Benjamin Hackl, Sarah J. Selkirk, Down-step statistics in generalized Dyck paths, arXiv:2007.15562 [math.CO], 2020.

Formula

a(0) = 0 and a(n) = 3*binomial(4*n, n)/(n+1) - 2*binomial(4*n+1, n)/(n+1) + 6*binomial(4*(n-1), n-1)/n - 2*[n=1] for n > 0, where [ ] is the Iverson bracket.

Example

For n = 1, the 3_1-Dyck paths are UDDD, DUDD. This corresponds to a(1) = 3 + 2 = 5 down steps between the 1st up step and the end of the path.
For n = 2, the 3_1-Dyck paths are DUDDDUDD, DUDDUDDD, DUDUDDDD, DUUDDDDD, UDDDDUDD, UDDDUDDD, UDDUDDDD, UDUDDDDD, UUDDDDDD. In total, there are a(2) = 3 + 2 + 1 + 0 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 16 down steps between the 1st and 2nd up step.

Mathematica

a[0] = 0; a[n_] := 3 * Binomial[4*n, n]/(n + 1) - 2 * Binomial[4*n + 1, n]/(n + 1) + 6 * Binomial[4*(n - 1), n - 1]/n - 2 * Boole[n == 1]; Array[a, 22, 0] (* Amiram Eldar, May 12 2020 *)

Prog

(SageMath) [3*binomial(4*n, n)/(n+1) - 2*binomial(4*n+1, n)/(n+1) + 6*binomial(4*(n-1), n-1)/n - 2*(n==1) if n > 0 else 0 for n in srange(30)] # Benjamin Hackl, May 12 2020

Crossrefs

Cf. A002293, A007226, A007228, A334645, A334646, A334648, A334649, A334680, A334682, A334785.

Sequence in context: A138550 A363558 A197052 * A203852 A179663 A372174

Adjacent sequences: A334644 A334645 A334646 * A334648 A334649 A334650

Keyword

nonn,easy

Author

Benjamin Hackl, May 12 2020

Status

approved