A285439 Sum T(n,k) of the entries in the k-th cycles of all permutations of [n]; triangle T(n,k), n>=1, 1<=k<=n, read by rows.

1, 4, 2, 21, 12, 3, 132, 76, 28, 4, 960, 545, 235, 55, 5, 7920, 4422, 2064, 612, 96, 6, 73080, 40194, 19607, 6692, 1386, 154, 7, 745920, 405072, 202792, 75944, 18736, 2816, 232, 8, 8346240, 4484808, 2280834, 911637, 254061, 46422, 5256, 333, 9

Offset

1,2

Comments

Each cycle is written with the smallest element first and cycles are arranged in increasing order of their first elements.

Links

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 1..23, flattened

Wikipedia, Permutation

Formula

Sum_{k=1..n} k * T(n,k) = n^2 * n! = A002775(n).

Example

T(3,1) = 21 because the sum of the entries in the first cycles of all permutations of [3] ((123), (132), (12)(3), (13)(2), (1)(23), (1)(2)(3)) is 6+6+3+4+1+1 = 21.
Triangle T(n,k) begins:
       1;
       4,      2;
      21,     12,      3;
     132,     76,     28,     4;
     960,    545,    235,    55,     5;
    7920,   4422,   2064,   612,    96,    6;
   73080,  40194,  19607,  6692,  1386,  154,   7;
  745920, 405072, 202792, 75944, 18736, 2816, 232, 8;
  ...

Maple

T:= proc(h) option remember; local b; b:=
      proc(n, l) option remember; `if`(n=0, [mul((i-1)!, i=l), 0],
        (p-> p+[0, (h-n+1)*p[1]*x^(nops(l)+1)])(b(n-1, [l[], 1]))+
         add((p-> p+[0, (h-n+1)*p[1]*x^j])(
         b(n-1, subsop(j=l[j]+1, l))), j=1..nops(l)))
      end: (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=1..n))(b(h, [])[2])
    end:
seq(T(n), n=1..10);

Mathematica

T[h_] := T[h] = Module[{b}, b[n_, l_] := b[n, l] = If[n == 0, {Product[(i - 1)!, {i, l}], 0}, # + {0, (h - n + 1)*#[[1]]*x^(Length[l] + 1)}&[b[n - 1, Append[l, 1]]] + Sum[# + {0, (h-n+1)*#[[1]]*x^j}&[b[n - 1, ReplacePart[ l, j -> l[[j]] + 1]]], {j, 1, Length[l]}]]; Table[Coefficient[#, x, i], {i, 1, n}]&[b[h, {}][[2]]]];
Table[T[n], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, May 25 2018, translated from Maple *)

Crossrefs

Columns k=1-2 give: A284816, A285489.

Row sums give A000142 * A000217 = A180119.

Main diagonal and first lower diagonal give: A000027, A006000 (for n>0).

Cf. A000290, A002775, A185105, A285362, A285382, A285793.

Sequence in context: A016517 A157407 A100400 * A336598 A336601 A241437

Adjacent sequences: A285436 A285437 A285438 * A285440 A285441 A285442

Keyword

nonn,tabl

Author

Alois P. Heinz, Apr 19 2017

Status

approved