A129156 Number of primitive Dyck factors in all skew Dyck paths of semilength n.

0, 1, 3, 10, 36, 136, 532, 2139, 8796, 36859, 156946, 677514, 2959669, 13063493, 58184838, 261230814, 1181144792, 5374078726, 24588562675, 113067256235, 522270436044, 2422244159067, 11275548912967, 52663412854571

Offset

0,3

Comments

A skew Dyck path is a path in the first quadrant which begins at the origin, ends on the x-axis, consists of steps U=(1,1) (up), D=(1,-1)(down) and L=(-1,-1)(left) so that up and left steps do not overlap. The length of the path is defined to be the number of its steps. A primitive Dyck factor is a subpath of the form UPD that starts on the x-axis, P being a Dyck path.

Links

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000

E. Deutsch, E. Munarini, S. Rinaldi, Skew Dyck paths, J. Stat. Plann. Infer. 140 (8) (2010) 2191-2203

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k=0,..,n} k*A129154(n,k).

a(n) = A128742(n) - A129158(n).

G.f.: (3-3*z-sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2))*(1-sqrt(1-4*z))/(1 +z + sqrt(1 - 6*z + 5*z^2))^2.

a(n) ~ (5-sqrt(5)) * 5^(n+3/2) / (36*sqrt(Pi)*n^(3/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 20 2014

Example

a(2)=3 because in all skew Dyck paths of semilength 3, namely (UD)(UD), (UUDD) and UUDL, we have altogether 3 primitive Dyck factors (shown between parentheses).

Maple

G:=(3-3*z-sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2))*(1-sqrt(1-4*z))/(1+z+sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2))^2: Gser:=series(G, z=0, 30): seq(coeff(Gser, z, n), n=0..27);

Mathematica

CoefficientList[Series[(3-3*x-Sqrt[1-6*x+5*x^2])*(1-Sqrt[1-4*x])/ (1+x+Sqrt[1-6*x+5*x^2])^2, {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 20 2014 *)

Prog

(PARI) z='z+O('z^25); concat([0], Vec((3-3*z-sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2))*(1-sqrt(1-4*z))/(1 +z + sqrt(1 - 6*z + 5*z^2))^2)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Feb 09 2017

Crossrefs

Cf. A129154, A129157, A129158.

Sequence in context: A369436 A026854 A136576 * A317775 A171753 A002212

Adjacent sequences: A129153 A129154 A129155 * A129157 A129158 A129159

Keyword

nonn

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Apr 02 2007

Status

approved