|
| |
|
|
A113688
|
|
Isolated semiprimes in the semiprime square spiral.
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
65, 74, 249, 295, 309, 355, 422, 511, 545, 667, 669, 758, 926, 943, 979, 998, 1099, 1167, 1186, 1322, 1457, 1469, 1561, 1585, 1658, 1711, 1774, 1779, 1835, 1891, 1959, 1961, 1963, 2021, 2038, 2066, 2155, 2186, 2191, 2206, 2271, 2329, 2342
(list;
graph;
refs;
listen;
history;
text;
internal format)
|
|
|
|
OFFSET
|
1,1
|
|
|
COMMENTS
|
Write the integers 1, 2, 3, 4, ... in a counterclockwise square spiral. Analogous to Ulam's marking the primes in the spiral and discovering unexpectedly many connected diagonals, we construct a semiprime spiral by marking the semiprimes (A001358). Each integer has 8 adjacent integers in the spiral, horizontally, vertically and diagonally. Curious extended clumps coagulate, slightly denser towards the origin, of semiprimes connected by adjacency. This sequence lists the isolated semiprimes in the semiprime spiral, namely those semiprimes none of whose adjacent integers in the spiral are semiprimes. A113689 gives an enumeration of the number of semiprimes in clumps of size > 1 through n^2.
The squares of twin primes occupy adjacent points along the southeast diagonal, so none are isolated. Thus the only isolated semiprimes in the spiral that are squares are the squares of "isolated primes" (A007510). The first square in this sequence is a(1473) = 66049 = 257^2. - Jon E. Schoenfield, Aug 12 2018
|
|
|
REFERENCES
|
S. M. Ellerstein, The square spiral, J. Recreational Mathematics 29 (#3, 1998) 188; 30 (#4, 1999-2000), 246-250.
|
|
|
LINKS
|
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Semiprime.
|
|
|
EXAMPLE
|
Spiral example:
.
17--16--15--14--13
| |
18 5---4---3 12
| | | |
19 6 1---2 11
| | |
20 7---8---9--10
|
21--22--23--24--25
.
Spiral including n <= 121 showing only semiprimes; the isolated semiprimes appear in parentheses:
.
.---.---.---.---.---.--95--94--93---.--91
| |
. (65)--.---.--62---.---.---.--58--57 .
| | | |
. . .---.--35--34--33---.---. . .
| | | | | |
. . 38 .---.--15--14---. . 55 .
| | | | | | | |
. . 39 . .---4---. . . . 87
| | | | | | | | | |
106 69 . . 6 .---. . . . 86
| | | | | | | | |
. . . . .---.---9--10 . . 85
| | | | | | |
. . . 21--22---.---.--25--26 51 .
| | | | |
. . .---.---.--46---.---.--49---. .
| | |
. .-(74)--.---.--77---.---.---.---.--82
|
111---.---.---.-115---.---.-118-119---.-121
.
(End)
|
|
|
MATHEMATICA
|
spiral[n_] := Block[{o = 2 n - 1, t, w}, t = Table[0, {o}, {o}]; t = ReplacePart[t, {n, n} -> 1]; Do[w = Partition[Range[(2 (# - 1) - 1)^2 + 1, (2 # - 1)^2], 2 (# - 1)] &@ k; Do[t = ReplacePart[t, {(n + k) - (j + 1), n + (k - 1)} -> #[[1, j]]]; t = ReplacePart[t, {n - (k - 1), (n + k) - (j + 1)} -> #[[2, j]]]; t = ReplacePart[t, {(n - k) + (j + 1), n - (k - 1)} -> #[[3, j]]]; t = ReplacePart[t, {n + (k - 1), (n - k) + (j + 1)} -> #[[4, j]]], {j, 2 (k - 1)}] &@ w, {k, 2, n}]; t]; f[w_] := Block[{d = Dimensions@ w, t, g}, t = Reap[Do[Sow@ Take[#[[k]], {2, First@ d - 1}], {k, 2, Last@ d - 1}]][[-1, 1]] &@ w; g[n_] := If[n != 0, Total@ Join[Take[w[[Last@ # - 1]], {First@ # - 1, First@ # + 1}], {First@ #, Last@ #} &@ Take[w[[Last@ #]], {First@ # - 1, First@ # + 1}], Take[w[[Last@ # + 1]], {First@ # - 1, First@# + 1}]] &@(Reverse@ First@ Position[t, n] + {1, 1}) == 0, False]; Select[Union@ Flatten@ t, g@ # &]]; t = spiral@ 26 /. n_ /; PrimeOmega@ n != 2 -> 0; f@ t (* Michael De Vlieger, Dec 21 2015, Version 10 *)
|
|
|
CROSSREFS
|
Cf. A001107, A001358, A002939, A002943, A004526, A005620, A007742, A033951-A033954, A033988, A033989-A033991, A033996, A063826.
Cf. A115258 (isolated primes in Ulam's lattice).
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
easy,nonn
|
|
|
AUTHOR
|
|
|
|
EXTENSIONS
|
|
|
|
STATUS
|
approved
|
| |
|
|
