OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
The identity Sum_{k=1..n} floor(n/k) = Sum_{k=1..n} d(k) is Equation (10), p. 58, of Apostol (1976). - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 06 2020
The "Dirichlet divisor problem" is to find a precise asymptotic estimate for this sequence - see formula lines below, also Apostol (1976), Chap. 3.
Number of increasing arithmetic progressions where n+1 is the second or later term. - Mambetov Timur, Takenov Nurdin, Haritonova Oksana (timus(AT)post.kg; oksanka-61(AT)mail.ru), Jun 13 2002. E.g., a(3) = 5 because there are 5 such arithmetic progressions: (1, 2, 3, 4); (2, 3, 4); (1, 4); (2, 4); (3, 4).
Binomial transform of A001659.
Area covered by overlapped partitions of n, i.e., sum of maximum values of the k-th part of a partition of n into k parts. - Jon Perry, Sep 08 2005
Equals inverse Mobius transform of A116477. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 07 2008
The Polymath project (see the Tao-Croot-Helfgott link) sketches an algorithm for computing a(n) in essentially cube root time, see section 2.1. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 10 2010 [Sladkey gives another. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 02 2017]
The Dirichlet inverse starts (offset 1) 1, -3, -5, 1, -10, 16, -16, 1, 2, 33, -29, -6, -37, 55, 55, -1, -52, -5, -60, ... - R. J. Mathar, Oct 17 2012
The inverse Mobius transforms yields A143356. - R. J. Mathar, Oct 17 2012
An improved approximation vs. Dirichlet is: a(n) = log(Gamma(n+1)) + 2n*gamma. Using sample ranges of {n = k^2-k to k^2 + (k-1)} the means of the new error term are < +- 0.5 up to k=150, except on two values of k. These ranges appear to give means closest to zero for such small sample sizes. It is not clear sample means remain < +- 0.5 at larger k. The standard deviations are ~(n*log(n))^(1/4)/2, with n near sample range center. - Richard R. Forberg, Jan 06 2015
The values of n for which a(n) is even are given by 4*m^2 <= n <= 4*m(m+1) for m >= 0. Example: for m=1 the values of n are 4 <= n <= 8 for which a(4) to a(8) are even. - G. C. Greubel, Sep 30 2015
For n > 0, a(n) = count(x|y), 1 <= y <= x <= n, that is, the number of pairs in the ordered list of x and y, where y divides x, up to and including n. - Torlach Rush, Jan 31 2017
a(n) is also the total number of partitions of all positive integers <= n into equal parts. - Omar E. Pol, May 29 2017
a(n) is the rank of the join of the set of elements of rank n in Young's lattice, the lattice of all integer partitions ordered by inclusion of their Ferrers diagrams. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 11 2018
a(n) always has the same parity as floor(sqrt(n)) = A000196(n): see A211264 (proof in Diophante link). - Bernard Schott, Feb 13 2021
From Omar E. Pol, Feb 16 2021: (Start)
From Bernard Schott, Apr 17 2022: (Start)
a(n-1) is the number of lattice points in the first quadrant lying under the hyperbola x*y = n, excluding the lattice points on the axes.
a(n) is the number of lattice points in the first quadrant lying on or under the hyperbola x*y = n, excluding the lattice points on the axes. (Reference Hari Kishan). (End)
REFERENCES
T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976.
K. Chandrasekharan, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory. Springer-Verlag, 1968, Chap. VI.
K. Chandrasekharan, Arithmetical Functions. Springer-Verlag, 1970, Chapter VIII, pp. 194-228. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
P. G. L. Dirichlet, Werke, Vol. ii, pp. 49-66.
M. N. Huxley, The Distribution of Prime Numbers, Oxford Univ. Press, 1972, p. 7.
M. N. Huxley, Area, Lattice Points and Exponential Sums, Oxford, 1996; p. 239.
Hari Kishan, Number Theory, Krishna, Educational Publishers, 2014, Theorem 1, p. 133.
H. L. Montgomery, Ten Lectures on the Interface Between Analytic Number Theory and Harmonic Analysis, Amer. Math. Soc., 1996, p. 56.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
Takenov Nurdin N. and Haritonova Oksana, Representation of positive integers by a special set of digits and sequences, in Dolmatov, S. L. et al. editors, Materials of Science, Practical seminar "Modern Mathematics."
LINKS
N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..20000 (first 1000 terms from T. D. Noe)
Dorin Andrica and Ovidiu Bagdasar, On some results concerning the polygonal polynomials, Carpathian Journal of Mathematics (2019) Vol. 35, No. 1, 1-11.
D. Andrica and E. J. Ionascu, On the number of polynomials with coefficients in [n], An. St. Univ. Ovidius Constanta, Vol. 22(1),2014, 13-23.
R. Bellman and H. N. Shapiro, On a problem in additive number theory, Annals Math., 49 (1948), 333-340. See Eq. 1.5.
D. Berkane, O. Bordellès, and O. Ramaré, Explicit upper bounds for the remainder term in the divisor problem, Math. Comp. 81:278 (2012), pp. 1025-1051.
Peter J. Cameron and Hamid Reza Dorbidi, Minimal cover groups, arXiv:2311.15652 [math.GR], 2023. See p. 13.
Diophante, A1712, La même parité (in French).
Xiaoxi Duan and M. W. Wong, The Dirichlet divisor problem, traces and determinants for complex powers of the twisted bi-Laplacian, J. of Math. Analysis and Applications, Volume 410, Issue 1, Feb 01 2014, Pages 151-157
L. Hoehn and J. Ridenhour, Summations involving computer-related functions, Math. Mag., 62 (1989), 191-196.
M. N. Huxley, Exponential Sums and Lattice Points III, Proc. London Math. Soc., 87 (2003), pp. 591-609.
Vaclav Kotesovec, Graph - The asymptotic ratio (1000000 terms)
Richard Sladkey, A successive approximation algorithm for computing the divisor summatory function, arXiv:1206.3369 [math.NT], 2012.
Terence Tao, Ernest Croot III, and Harald Helfgott, Deterministic methods to find primes, Math. Comp. 81 (2012), 1233-1246; also at arXiv:1009.3956 [math.NT], 2010-2012.
FORMULA
a(n) = n * ( log(n) + 2*gamma - 1 ) + O(sqrt(n)), where gamma is the Euler-Mascheroni number ~ 0.57721... (see A001620), Dirichlet, 1849. Again, a(n) = n * ( log(n) + 2*gamma - 1 ) + O(log(n)*n^(1/3)). The determination of the precise size of the error term is an unsolved problem (the so-called Dirichlet divisor problem) - see references, especially Huxley (2003).
The bounds from Chandrasekharan lead to the explicit bounds n log(n) + (2 gamma - 1) n - 4 sqrt(n) - 1 <= a(n) <= n log(n) + (2 gamma - 1) n + 4 sqrt(n). - David Applegate, Oct 14 2008
a(n) = 2*(Sum_{i=1..floor(sqrt(n))} floor(n/i)) - floor(sqrt(n))^2. - Benoit Cloitre, May 12 2002
G.f.: (1/(1-x))*Sum_{k >= 1} x^k/(1-x^k). - Benoit Cloitre, Apr 23 2003
For n > 0: A027750(a(n-1) + k) = k-divisor of n, = k <= A000005(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 10 2006
a(n) = A161886(n) - n + 1 = A161886(n-1) - A049820(n) + 2 = A161886(n-1) + A000005(n) - n + 2 = A006590(n) + A000005(n) - n = A006590(n+1) - n - 1 = A006590(n) + A000005(n) - n for n >= 2. a(n) = a(n-1) + A000005(n) for n >= 1. - Jaroslav Krizek, Nov 14 2009
D(n) = Sum_{m >= 2, r >= 1} (r/m^(r+1)) * Sum_{j = 1..m - 1} * Sum_{k = 0 .. m^(r+1) - 1} exp{ 2*k*pi i(p^n + (m - j)m^r) / m^(r+1) } where p is some fixed prime number. - A. Neves, Oct 04 2010
Let E(n) = a(n) - n(log n + 2 gamma - 1). Then Berkane-Bordellès-Ramaré show that |E(n)| <= 0.961 sqrt(n), |E(n)| <= 0.397 sqrt(n) for n > 5559, and |E(n)| <= 0.764 n^(1/3) log n for x > 9994. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 02 2012
a(n) = Sum_{k = 1..floor(sqrt(n))} A005408(floor((n/k) - (k-1))). - Gregory R. Bryant, Apr 20 2013
Dirichlet g.f. for s > 2: Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n^s = Sum_{k>=1} (Zeta(s-1) - Sum_{n=1..k-1} (HurwitzZeta(s,n/k)*n/k^s))/k. - Mats Granvik, Sep 24 2017
From Ridouane Oudra, Dec 31 2022: (Start)
a(n) = n^2 - Sum_{i=1..n} Sum_{j=1..n} floor(log(i*j)/log(n+1));
a(n) = floor(sqrt(n)) + 2*Sum_{i=1..n} floor((sqrt(i^2 + 4*n) - i)/2);
a(n) = n + Sum_{i=1..n} v_2(i)*round(n/i), where v_2(i) = A007814(i). (End)
EXAMPLE
a(3) = 5 because 3 + floor(3/2) + 1 = 3 + 1 + 1 = 5. Or tau(1) + tau(2) + tau(3) = 1 + 2 + 2 = 5.
a(4) = 8 because 4 + floor(4/2) + floor(4/3) + 1 = 4 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 8. Or
tau(1) + tau(2) + tau(3) + tau(4) = 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 = 8.
a(5) = 10 because 5 + floor(5/2) + floor(5/3) + floor (5/4) + 1 = 5 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 10. Or tau(1) + tau(2) + tau(3) + tau(4) + tau(5) = 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 2 = 10.
MAPLE
with(numtheory): A006218 := n->add(sigma[0](i), i=1..n);
MATHEMATICA
Table[Sum[DivisorSigma[0, k], {k, n}], {n, 70}]
FoldList[Plus, 0, Table[DivisorSigma[0, x], {x, 61}]] //Rest (* much faster *)
Join[{0}, Accumulate[DivisorSigma[0, Range[60]]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 06 2016 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)=sum(k=1, n, n\k)
(PARI) a(n)=sum(k=1, sqrtint(n), n\k)*2-sqrtint(n)^2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 10 2010
(Haskell)
a006218 n = sum $ map (div n) [1..n]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 29 2011
(Magma) [0] cat [&+[Floor(n/k):k in [1..n]]:n in [1..60]]; // Marius A. Burtea, Aug 25 2019
(Python)
from sympy import integer_nthroot
def A006218(n): return 2*sum(n//k for k in range(1, integer_nthroot(n, 2)[0]+1))-integer_nthroot(n, 2)[0]**2 # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 29 2021
CROSSREFS
A061017 is an inverse.
It appears that the partial sums give A078567. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 24 2008
KEYWORD
nonn,easy,nice
AUTHOR
STATUS
approved