OFFSET
0,5
COMMENTS
Row n equals the (n+1)-th differences of row n of the square array A108553. G.f. of row n equals: (1-x)^(n+1)*CBD_n(x), where CBD_n denotes the g.f. of the crystal ball sequence for D_n lattice.
From Peter Bala, Oct 23 2008: (Start)
Let D_n be the root lattice generated as a monoid by {+-e_i +- e_j: 1 <= i not equal to j <= n}. Let P(D_n) be the polytope formed by the convex hull of this generating set. Then the rows of this array are the h-vectors of a unimodular triangulation of P(D_n) [Ardila et al.]. See A108556 for the corresponding array of f-vectors for these type D_n polytopes. See A008459 for the array of h-vectors for type A_n polytopes and A086645 for the array of h-vectors associated with type C_n polytopes.
(End)
LINKS
Seiichi Manyama, Rows n = 0..139, flattened
F. Ardila, M. Beck, S. Hosten, J. Pfeifle and K. Seashore, Root polytopes and growth series of root lattices, arXiv:0809.5123 [math.CO], 2008.
J. H. Conway and N. J. A. Sloane, Low-dimensional lattices. VII Coordination sequences, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A (1997) 453, 2369-2389.
FORMULA
T(n, k) = C(2*n, 2*k) - 2*n*C(n-2, k-1) for n>1, with T(0, 0)=1, T(1, 0)=T(1, 1)=1. Row sums equal A008353: 2^(n-1)*(2^n-n) for n>1.
From Peter Bala, Oct 23 2008: (Start)
O.g.f. : rational function N(x,z)/D(x,z), where N(x,z) = 1 - 3*(1 + x)*z + (3 + 2*x + 3*x^2)*z^2 - (1 + x)*(1 - 8*x + x^2)z^3 - 8*x*(1 + x^2)*z^4 + 2*x*(1 + x)*(1 - x)^2*z^5 and D(x,z) = ((1 - z)^2 - 2*x*z*(1 + z) + x^2*z^2)*(1 - z*(1 + x))^2.
For n >= 2, the row n generating polynomial equals 1/2*[(1 + sqrt(x))^(2n) + (1 - sqrt(x))^(2n)] - 2*n*x*(1 + x)^(n-2).
(End)
EXAMPLE
G.f.s of initial rows of square array A108553 are:
(1)/(1-x),
(1 + x)/(1-x)^2,
(1 + 2*x + x^2)/(1-x)^3,
(1 + 9*x + 9*x^2 + x^3)/(1-x)^4,
(1 + 20*x + 54*x^2 + 20*x^3 + x^4)/(1-x)^5,
(1 + 35*x + 180*x^2 + 180*x^3 + 35*x^4 + x^5)/(1-x)^6.
Triangle begins:
1;
1, 1;
1, 2, 1;
1, 9, 9, 1;
1, 20, 54, 20, 1;
1, 35, 180, 180, 35, 1;
1, 54, 447, 852, 447, 54, 1;
1, 77, 931, 2863, 2863, 931, 77, 1;
1, 104, 1724, 7768, 12550, 7768, 1724, 104, 1;
1, 135, 2934, 18186, 43128, 43128, 18186, 2934, 135, 1;
1, 170, 4685, 38200, 124850, 183356, 124850, 38200, 4685, 170, 1;
...
MATHEMATICA
T[1, 0] = T[1, 1]=1; T[n_, k_] := Binomial[2n, 2k] - 2n Binomial[n-2, k-1];
Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 25 2018 *)
PROG
(PARI) T(n, k)=if(n<k || k<0, 0, if(n==0 || n==1, 1, binomial(2*n, 2*k)-2*n*binomial(n-2, k-1)))
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,tabl
AUTHOR
Paul D. Hanna, Jun 10 2005
STATUS
approved