OFFSET
1,3
COMMENTS
This is the number of degree n rational curves in the complex projective plane which pass through a specified point and have contact order 3n-1 to a generic smooth local divisor through that point.
After multiplying by 3n-1, this sequence appears to agree with A353195.
Computed in terms of Gromov-Witten invariants of rational surfaces in McDuff-Siegel 2021.
Agrees with the count of osculating curves, which are defined and computed by a recursive formula in Muratore 2021.
Computed by a recursive formula in Mikhalkin-Siegel 2023.
Computed by a closed formula as sum over trees with n leaves and combinatorially defined weights in Siegel 2023.
LINKS
Chai Wah Wu, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..108
D. McDuff and K. Siegel, Counting curves with local tangency constraints, J. Top., 14 (2021) 1176-1242.
G. Mikhalkin and K. Siegel, Ellipsoidal superpotentials and stationary descendants, arXiv:2307.13252 [math.SG] (2023).
G. Muratore, A recursive formula for osculating curves, Arkiv Mat., 59 (2021) 195-211.
K. Siegel, Computing higher symplectic capacities I, Int. Math. Res. Not., 2022 (2021) 12402-12461.
PROG
(Sage)
# The following code is written in Sage and is based on the recursive formula in Mikhalkin-Siegel 2023. Note that a slightly more efficient formula is given by using Partitions instead of OrderedPartitions, at the cost of an extra combinatorial factor.
def a(n):
if n == 1:
return 1
out = 1/(factorial(n)**3)
for p in [p for p in OrderedPartitions(n) if len(p) > 1]:
k = len(p)
summand = prod([(3*m-1)*a(m) for m in p])
summand /= factorial(k)*factorial(3*n-k)
out -= summand
out *= factorial(3*n-2)
return out
for n in range(1, 20):
print(a(n))
(Python)
from functools import lru_cache
from fractions import Fraction
from math import prod, factorial
from sympy.utilities.iterables import partitions
@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def A364973(n): # after Sage code
return 1 if n==1 else int(factorial(3*n-2)*(Fraction(1, factorial(n)**3)-sum(Fraction(prod(((3*m-1)*A364973(m))**e for m, e in p.items()), factorial(3*n-s)*prod(factorial(c) for c in p.values())) for s, p in partitions(n, k=n-1, size=True)))) # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 10 2023
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Kyler Siegel, Aug 22 2023
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Chai Wah Wu, Nov 10 2023
STATUS
approved