A293770 Continued fraction expansion of the minimum ripple factor for a ninth-order, reflectionless, Chebyshev filter.

0, 4, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 6, 2, 7, 1, 1, 8, 3, 2, 5, 1, 2, 1, 13, 1, 2, 1, 10, 1, 1, 78, 7, 1, 11, 4, 2, 7, 4, 20, 1, 3, 3, 1, 18, 55, 1, 11, 2, 12, 1, 6, 1, 11, 1, 11, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 11, 3, 15, 1, 29, 2, 1, 1, 5, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 16, 1, 14, 1, 7, 1, 19, 2, 8, 2, 3, 14, 1, 4, 1, 28, 5, 11, 2, 1, 2, 255, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 3, 2, 2

Offset

0,2

Comments

This is the smallest ripple factor (a constant) for which the prototype elements of the ninth-order generalized reflectionless filter topology (see Morgan, 2017) needs no negative elements. It is also the ripple factor for which the first two and last two Chebyshev prototype parameters (of the canonical ladder, or Cauer, topology) are equal.

Other related sequences in the OEIS are the decimal and continued fraction expansions of the limiting ripple factors for third, fifth, seventh, and ninth order, as well as for the limiting case where the order diverges to infinity. As these ripple factors do approach a common limit very quickly, the sequences for the fifth- and higher-order constants share the same initial terms, to greater length as the order increases.

There are simple radical expressions for the third- and fifth-order constants (see formulas). Further, the third-order constant is a quadratic irrational, thus having a repeating continued fraction expansion. I do not know if such simple expressions or patterns exist for the higher-order constants or the limiting (infinite-order) constant.

References

M. Morgan, Reflectionless Filters, Norwood, MA: Artech House, pp. 129-132, January 2017.

Links

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..9999

Example

1/(4 + 1/(1 + 1/(1 + 1/(3 + 1/(1 + 1/(1 + 1/(16+ 1/(2 + 1/(7+...

Mathematica

ContinuedFraction[Sqrt[Exp[4 ArcTanh[Exp[-2*9*ArcSinh[Sqrt[1/2*Sin[Pi/9] Tan[Pi/9]]]]]] - 1], 130]

Prog

(Magma) R:= RealField(); ContinuedFraction(Sqrt(Exp(4*Argtanh(Exp(-18* Argsinh(Sqrt(Sin(Pi(R)/9)*Tan(Pi(R)/9)/2))))) - 1)); // G. C. Greubel, Feb 16 2018
(PARI) contfrac( sqrt(exp(4*atanh(exp(-18*asinh(sqrt(sin(Pi/9)*tan(Pi/9)/2))))) - 1) ) \\ G. C. Greubel, Feb 16 2018

Crossrefs

Decimal expansions (A020784, A293409, A293415, A293416, A293417) and continued fractions (A040021, A293768, A293769, A293770, A293882) for third-, fifth-, seventh-, ninth-order and the limiting "infinite-order" constant, respectively.

Sequence in context: A376985 A375265 A341932 * A111311 A327893 A326410

Adjacent sequences: A293767 A293768 A293769 * A293771 A293772 A293773

Keyword

cofr,easy,nonn

Author

Matthew A. Morgan, Oct 15 2017

Extensions

Offset changed by Andrew Howroyd, Aug 10 2024

Status

approved