OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).
b(n) = 6*a(n) is the number of solutions in integers to n = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 where x + y + z is not divisible by 3. - Michael Somos, Jun 23 2018
LINKS
G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions.
FORMULA
Expansion of (phi(q)^4 - phi(q^3)^4) / 8 = q * phi(q^3) * (chi(q) * psi(-q^3))^3 = q * psi(-q^3)^4 * (chi(q) * chi(q^3))^3 in powers of q where phi(), psi(), chi() are Ramanujan theta functions.
Expansion of eta(q^2)^6 * eta(q^3) * eta(q^6)^2 * eta(q^12) / ( eta(q) * eta(q^4))^3 in powers of q.
Euler transform of period 12 sequence [3, -3, 2, 0, 3, -6, 3, 0, 2, -3, 3, -4, ...].
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (12 t)) = 4 (t/i)^2 g(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t) and g() is the g.f. for A214456.
a(n) is multiplicative with a(2^e) = 3 if e>0, a(3^e) = 3^e, a(p^e) = (p^(e+1) - 1) / (p - 1) if p>3.
G.f.: x * Product_{k>0} (1 + (-x)^(3*k)) * (1 - x^(6*k))^4 / ( 1 + (-x)^k)^3.
a(n) = -(-1)^n * A124449(n). a(3*n) = 3*a(n). a(2*n) = a(4*n) = 3 * A121443(n). a(2*n + 1) = A185717(n).
From Amiram Eldar, Sep 12 2023: (Start)
Dirichlet g.f.: (1 - 1/2^(2*s-2)) * (1 - 1/3^s) * zeta(s-1) * zeta(s).
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ c * n^2, where c = Pi^2/18 = 0.548311... (A086463). (End)
EXAMPLE
G.f. = q + 3*q^2 + 3*q^3 + 3*q^4 + 6*q^5 + 9*q^6 + 8*q^7 + 3*q^8 + 9*q^9 + 18*q^10 + ...
a(1) = 1, b(1) = 6 with solutions (w, x, y, z) = {(0, 0, 1, 0), (0, 1, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0, 0)} and their negatives. - Michael Somos, Jun 23 2018
MATHEMATICA
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (EllipticTheta[ 3, 0, q]^4 - EllipticTheta[ 3, 0, q^3]^4) / 8, {q, 0, n}];
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (QPochhammer[ -q, q^2] QPochhammer[ -q^3, q^6])^3 EllipticTheta[ 2, 0, (-q)^(3/2)]^4 / (-16 (-q)^(1/2)), {q, 0, n}];
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A); if( n<1, 0, n--; A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x^2 + A)^6 * eta(x^3 + A) * eta(x^6 + A)^2 * eta(x^12 + A) / ( eta(x + A) * eta(x^4 + A))^3, n))};
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, sigma(n) + if( n%3==0, -1 * sigma(n/3)) + if( n%4==0, -4 * sigma(n/4)) + if( n%12==0, +4 * sigma(n/12)))};
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A, p, e); if( n<1, 0, A = factor(n); prod(k=1, matsize(A)[1], [p, e] = A[k, ]; if(p==2, 3, p==3, 3^e, (p^(e+1) - 1) / (p - 1))))};
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,easy,mult
AUTHOR
Michael Somos, Jul 18 2012
STATUS
approved