|
|
A157852
|
|
Decimal expansion of the absolute value of lim_{N -> infinity} Integral_{x=1..2*N} e^(i*Pi*x)*x^(1/x).
|
|
5
|
|
|
6, 8, 7, 6, 5, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 2, 7, 6, 9, 4, 3, 6, 9, 8, 0, 9, 3, 1, 2, 4, 0, 9, 3, 6, 5, 4, 4, 0, 1, 6, 4, 9, 3, 9, 6, 3, 7, 3, 8, 4, 9, 0, 3, 6, 2, 2, 5, 4, 1, 7, 9, 5, 0, 7, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 7, 4, 3, 3, 6, 6, 2, 5, 3, 4, 7, 8, 4, 9, 3, 7, 0, 6, 8, 6, 2, 7, 2, 9, 8, 2, 4, 0, 4, 9, 8, 4, 6, 8, 1, 8, 8, 7, 3, 1, 9, 2, 9, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 6, 6, 1, 2, 3, 2, 8, 6
(list;
constant;
graph;
refs;
listen;
history;
text;
internal format)
|
|
|
OFFSET
|
0,1
|
|
COMMENTS
|
This constant is the integral analog of the constant described in A037077 since e^(i*Pi*x) =(-1)^x. While A037077 was named the MRB constant by Simon Plouffe, Marvin Ray Burns named this constant MKB after his wife at the time.
This constant is hard to integrate and very slow to converge, so it takes a combination of modern methods to calculate many digits!
This constant could be written as a special value, for omega=Pi, of the function f(omega) = lim_{N->infinity} Integral_{x = Pi/omega .. 2N8(Pi/omega)} (exp(i*omega*x)*x^(1/x)), a kind of discretely sampled Fourier transform of x^(1/x). This stresses the fact that it is a complex entity. People who desire to underline the similarity of this integral to the MRB alternating series (A037077) often write the factor exp(i*Pi*x) as (-1)^x, which can be a bit confusing because it hides the imaginary unit. - Stanislav Sykora, Apr 08 2016
|
|
LINKS
|
|
|
FORMULA
|
|
|
EXAMPLE
|
After integrating from 1 to 15 million the absolute value of the integral is approximately 0.687652_7, after integrating from 1 to 20 million approximately 0.687652_6.
|
|
MAPLE
|
f := (n, x) -> seq(x, 0..n):
m := n -> (Pi/I)^n * MeijerG([[], [f(n, 1)]], [[1-n, f(n, 0)], []], -I*Pi):
s := n -> abs(add(m(k), k = 1..n) - 2)/Pi:
# s(n) approximates the constant for n -> oo and suitable chosen precision.
|
|
MATHEMATICA
|
a = NIntegrate[ x^(1/x)*Cos[Pi*x], {x, 1, 10^20}, WorkingPrecision -> 30, MaxRecursion -> 70]; b = NIntegrate[ x^(1/x)*Sin[Pi*x], {x, 1, 10^20}, WorkingPrecision -> 30, MaxRecursion -> 70]; RealDigits[ Sqrt[a^2 + b^2], 10, 18] // First (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 14 2013 *)
(* Program 2: to compute and verify 1000s of digits through a different formula. *)
g[x_] = x^(1/x); t = (Timing[
MKB = -(I NIntegrate[(g[(1 + t I)]) ( Exp[-Pi t]), {t, 0,
Infinity}, WorkingPrecision -> 2410,
Method -> "Trapezoidal", MaxRecursion -> 10] + I/Pi)])[[
1]]; Print["Timing for calculation=", t]; t = (Timing[
MKB1 = (1/Pi NIntegrate[
g'[1 + I t] Exp[-Pi t], {t, 0, Infinity},
WorkingPrecision -> 2410, Method -> "Trapezoidal",
MaxRecursion -> 10] - 2 I/Pi)])[[
1]]; Print["Timing for verification=", t]; err =
test - test2; Print["Error=", N[err, 20]]; Abs[MKB] (* MaxRecursion -> 13 works for 10, 000 digits. Marvin Ray Burns, Apr 18 2021 *)
(* Program 3: An infinite sum involving the Meijer G function. Compare the discussion near the end of "How I calculated the digits of the MKB constant" and all of Cloud Notebook "How_I_found_A157852_sum" in the link section. *)
f[n_] := MeijerG[{{}, Table[1, {n+1}]}, {Prepend[Table[0, n+1], -n + 1], {}}, -I Pi];
Abs[Sum[(I/Pi)^(1 - n) N[f[n], 22], {n, 1, 15}] - 2 I/Pi] (* Marvin Ray Burns, Nov 15 2021 *)
|
|
CROSSREFS
|
Integrating A037077 instead of summing.
|
|
KEYWORD
|
|
|
AUTHOR
|
|
|
EXTENSIONS
|
8 more digits from R. J. Mathar, Nov 30 2009, 3 more Jan 03 2011, 3 more on Feb 25 2013
|
|
STATUS
|
approved
|
|
|
|