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A129183
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Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of Dyck paths of semilength n such that the sum of the height of the peaks is k (n>=0; n<=k<=floor((n+1)^2/4)).
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3
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1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 12, 9, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 32, 30, 20, 12, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 64, 80, 88, 73, 56, 34, 20, 9, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 128, 192, 240, 232, 206, 156, 116, 72, 46, 24, 12, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
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OFFSET
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0,6
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COMMENTS
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Row n has 1+floor((n+1)^2/4) terms, the first n of which are equal to 0. Row sums yield the Catalan numbers (A000108). T(n,n) = 2^(n-1) = A011782(n) = A000079(n-1) for n>=1. Sum(k*T(n,k), k>=0) = 4^(n-1) = A000302(n-1).
Also number of parallelogram polyominoes of semiperimeter n+1 and having area equal to k. Example: T(3,4)=1 because the square with side 2 is the only parallelogram polyomino with semiperimeter 4 and area 4. - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 07 2007
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LINKS
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Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50, flattened
M. P. Delest and J. M. Fedou, Counting polyominoes using attribute grammars, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 461, pp. 46-60, Springer, Berlin, 1990.
M. P. Delest and J. M. Fedou, Attribute grammars are useful for combinatorics, Theor. Comp. Sci., 98, 1992, 65-76.
M. P. Delest and J. M. Fedou, Enumeration of skew Ferrers diagrams, Discrete Mathematics. vol.112, no.1-3, pp. 65-79, (1993).
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FORMULA
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G.f.: G(t,z)=H(t,1,z), where H(t,x,z)=1+z*(H(t,t*x,z)-1+t*x)*H(t,x,z) where H(t,x,z) is the trivariate g.f. for Dyck paths according to sum of the height of the peaks, number of peaks and semilength, marked by t,x and z, respectively.
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EXAMPLE
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T(4,5) = 4 because we have UDUUDUDD, UUDUDDUD, UUDUUDDD and UUUDDUDD.
Triangle starts:
1;
0,1;
0,0,2;
0,0,0,4,1;
0,0,0,0,8,4,2;
0,0,0,0,0,16,12,9,4,1;
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MAPLE
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H:=1/(1-z*h[1]+z-z*t*x): for n from 1 to 11 do h[n]:=1/(1-z*h[n+1]+z-z*t^(n+1)*x) od: h[12]:=0: x:=1: G:=simplify(H): Gser:=simplify(series(G, z=0, 11)): for n from 0 to 9 do P[n]:=sort(coeff(Gser, z, n)) od: for n from 0 to 9 do seq(coeff(P[n], t, j), j=0..floor((n+1)^2/4)) od; # yields sequence in triangular form
# second Maple program:
b:= proc(x, y, t) option remember; `if`(y<0 or y>x, 0, `if`(x=0, 1,
expand(b(x-1, y+1, 1)+ `if`(t=1, z^y, 1)*b(x-1, y-1, 0))))
end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, z, i), i=0..degree(p)))(b(2*n, 0$2)):
seq(T(n), n=0..10); # Alois P. Heinz, Jun 10 2014
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MATHEMATICA
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b[x_, y_, t_] := b[x, y, t] = If[y<0 || y>x, 0, If[x == 0, 1, Expand[b[x-1, y+1, 1] + If[t == 1, z^y, 1]*b[x-1, y-1, 0]]]]; T[n_] := Function[{p}, Table[ Coefficient[p, z, i], {i, 0, Exponent[p, z]}]][b[2*n, 0, 0]]; Table[T[n], {n, 0, 10}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, May 26 2015, after Alois P. Heinz *)
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CROSSREFS
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Cf. A000108, A011782, A000079, A000302.
Sequence in context: A190608 A011991 A234931 * A280292 A181566 A348513
Adjacent sequences: A129180 A129181 A129182 * A129184 A129185 A129186
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KEYWORD
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nonn,tabf
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AUTHOR
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Emeric Deutsch, Apr 07 2007
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STATUS
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approved
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