A100129 Numbers k such that 2^k starts with k.

6, 10, 1542, 77075, 113939, 1122772, 2455891300, 2830138178, 136387767490, 2111259099790, 3456955336468, 4653248164310, 10393297007134, 321249146279171, 972926121017616, 72780032758751764

Offset

1,1

Comments

According to van de Lune, Erdős observed that 2^6 = 64 and 2^10 = 1024 were two examples where the decimal expansion of 2^k starts with that of k. At that time no other examples were known. Jan van de Lune computed the first 6 terms in 1978. - Juan Arias-de-Reyna, Feb 12 2016

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=1..16.

J. van de Lune, A note on a problem of Erdős, Department of Pure Mathematics, ZW 87/78, Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam 1978, 1-3.

Formula

The sequence contains k if and only if 0 <= {k*log_10(2)} - {log_10(k)} < log_10(k+1) - log_10(k), where {x} denotes the fractional part of x. See the van de Lune article. - David Radcliffe, Jun 02 2019

Example

2^6 = 64, which begins with 6;
2^10 = 1024, which begins with 10.

Mathematica

f[n_] := Floor[ 10^Floor[ Log[10, n]](10^FractionalPart[n*N[ Log[10, 2], 24]])]; Do[ If[ f[n] == n, Print[n]], {n, 125000000}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 16 2004 *)

Prog

(Python) # Caveat: fails for large n due to rounding error.
from math import log10 as log
frac = lambda x: x - int(x)
is_a100129 = lambda n: 0 <= frac(n * log(2)) - frac(log(n)) < log(n + 1) - log(n) # David Radcliffe, Jun 02 2019
(Python)
from itertools import count, islice
def A100129_gen(startvalue=1): # generator of terms
    a = 1<<(m:=max(startvalue, 1))
    for n in count(m):
        if (s:=str(n))==str(a)[:len(s)]:
            yield n
        a <<= 1
A100129_list = list(islice(A100129_gen(), 4)) # Chai Wah Wu, Apr 10 2023

Crossrefs

Cf. A064541 (2^k ending with k), A032740 (k a substring of 2^k), A131494.

Sequence in context: A268537 A115677 A284738 * A009443 A258054 A106540

Adjacent sequences: A100126 A100127 A100128 * A100130 A100131 A100132

Keyword

nonn,base

Author

Mark Hudson (mrmarkhudson(AT)hotmail.com), Nov 15 2004

Extensions

a(5) and a(6) from Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 16 2004

More terms from Robert Gerbicz, Aug 22 2006

Status

approved