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A059060
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Card-matching numbers (Dinner-Diner matching numbers).
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4
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1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 16, 0, 36, 0, 16, 0, 1, 346, 1824, 4536, 7136, 7947, 6336, 3936, 1728, 684, 128, 48, 0, 1, 748521, 3662976, 8607744, 12880512, 13731616, 11042688, 6928704, 3458432, 1395126, 453888, 122016, 25344, 4824, 512, 96, 0, 1, 3993445276
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listen;
history;
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OFFSET
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0,9
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COMMENTS
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This is a triangle of card matching numbers. A deck has n kinds of cards, 4 of each kind. The deck is shuffled and dealt in to n hands with 4 cards each. A match occurs for every card in the j-th hand of kind j. Triangle T(n,k) is the number of ways of achieving exactly k matches (k=0..4n). The probability of exactly k matches is T(n,k)/((4n)!/(4!)^n).
Rows have lengths 1,5,9,13,...
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REFERENCES
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F. N. David and D. E. Barton, Combinatorial Chance, Hafner, NY, 1962, Ch. 7 and Ch. 12.
J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, pp. 174-178.
R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics Volume I, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 71.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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G.f.: sum(coeff(R(x, n, k), x, j)*(t-1)^j*(n*k-j)!, j=0..n*k) where n is the number of kinds of cards, k is the number of cards of each kind (here k is 4) and R(x, n, k) is the rook polynomial given by R(x, n, k)=(k!^2*sum(x^j/((k-j)!^2*j!))^n (see Stanley or Riordan). coeff(R(x, n, k), x, j) indicates the j-th coefficient on x of the rook polynomial.
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EXAMPLE
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There are 16 ways of matching exactly 2 cards when there are 2 different kinds of cards, 4 of each so T(2,2)=16.
The first few rows are
1
0, 0, 0, 0, 1
1, 0, 16, 0, 36, 0, 16, 0, 1
346, 1824, 4536, 7136, 7947, 6336, 3936, 1728, 684, 128, 48, 0, 1
748521, 3662976, 8607744, 12880512, 13731616, 11042688, 6928704, 3458432, 1395126, 453888, 122016, 25344, 4824, 512, 96, 0, 1
3993445276, 18743463360, 42506546320, 61907282240, 64917874125, 52087325696, 33176621920, 17181584640, 7352761180, 2628808000, 790912656, 201062080, 43284010, 7873920, 1216000, 154496, 17640, 1280, 160, 0, 1 (End)
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MAPLE
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p := (x, k)->k!^2*sum(x^j/((k-j)!^2*j!), j=0..k); R := (x, n, k)->p(x, k)^n; f := (t, n, k)->sum(coeff(R(x, n, k), x, j)*(t-1)^j*(n*k-j)!, j=0..n*k);
for n from 0 to 5 do seq(coeff(f(t, n, 4), t, m)/4!^n, m=0..4*n); od;
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MATHEMATICA
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p[x_, k_] := k!^2*Sum[ x^j/((k-j)!^2*j!), {j, 0, k}]; r[x_, n_, k_] := p[x, k]^n; f[t_, n_, k_] := Sum[ Coefficient[r[x, n, k], x, j]*(t-1)^j*(n*k-j)!, {j, 0, n*k}]; Table[ Coefficient[f[t, n, 4], t, m]/4!^n, {n, 0, 5}, {m, 0, 4*n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 22 2013, translated from Maple *)
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn,tabf,nice
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AUTHOR
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Barbara Haas Margolius (margolius(AT)math.csuohio.edu)
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STATUS
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approved
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