A002628 Number of permutations of length n without 3-sequences. (Formerly M1536 N0600)

1, 1, 2, 5, 21, 106, 643, 4547, 36696, 332769, 3349507, 37054436, 446867351, 5834728509, 82003113550, 1234297698757, 19809901558841, 337707109446702, 6094059760690035, 116052543892621951, 2325905946434516516, 48937614361477154273, 1078523843237914046247

Offset

0,3

Comments

a(n) = sum of row n of A180185. - Emeric Deutsch, Sep 06 2010

References

Jackson, D. M.; Reilly, J. W. Permutations with a prescribed number of p-runs. Ars Combinatoria 1 (1976), number 1, 297-305.

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Links

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..450

D. M. Jackson and R. C. Read, A note on permutations without runs of given length, Aequationes Math. 17 (1978), no. 2-3, 336-343.

J. Riordan, Permutations without 3-sequences, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 51 (1945), 745-748.

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-k,k)*(d(n-k) + d(n-k-1)) for n>0, where d(j) = A000166(j) are the derangement numbers. - Emeric Deutsch, Sep 06 2010

Example

a(4) = 21 because only 1234, 2341, and 4123 contain 3-sequences. - Emeric Deutsch, Sep 06 2010

Maple

seq(coeff(convert(series(add(m!*((t-t^3)/(1-t^3))^m, m=0..50), t, 50), polynom), t, n), n=0..25); # Pab Ter, Nov 06 2005
d[-1]:= 0: for n from 0 to 51 do d[n] := n*d[n-1]+(-1)^n end do: a:= proc(n) add(binomial(n-k, k)*(d[n-k]+d[n-k-1]), k = 0..floor((1/2)*n)) end proc: seq(a(n), n = 0..25); # Emeric Deutsch, Sep 06 2010
# third Maple program:
a:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<5,
      [1$2, 2, 5, 21][n+1], (n-3)*a(n-1)+(3*n-6)*a(n-2)+
      (4*n-12)*a(n-3)+(3*n-12)*a(n-4)+(n-5)*a(n-5))
    end:
seq(a(n), n=0..25);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jul 21 2019

Mathematica

d[0] = 1; d[n_] := d[n] = n d[n - 1] + (-1)^n;
T[n_, k_] := If[n == 0 && k == 0, 1, If[k <= n/2, Binomial[n - k, k] d[n + 1 - k]/(n - k), 0]];
a[n_] := Sum[T[n, k], {k, 0, Quotient[n, 2]}];
a /@ Range[0, 25] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 23 2020 *)

Crossrefs

Column k=0 of A047921.

Cf. A165960, A165961, A165962. - Isaac Lambert, Oct 07 2009

Cf. A000166, A180185. - Emeric Deutsch, Sep 06 2010

Sequence in context: A185134 A347497 A130471 * A357919 A020129 A129582

Adjacent sequences: A002625 A002626 A002627 * A002629 A002630 A002631

Keyword

nonn

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Extensions

More terms from Pab Ter (pabrlos2(AT)yahoo.com), Nov 06 2005

a(0)=1 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Jul 21 2019

Status

approved