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A007559
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Triple factorial numbers (3*n-2)!!! with leading 1 added.
(Formerly M3627)
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103
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1, 1, 4, 28, 280, 3640, 58240, 1106560, 24344320, 608608000, 17041024000, 528271744000, 17961239296000, 664565853952000, 26582634158080000, 1143053268797440000, 52580450364682240000, 2576442067869429760000, 133974987529210347520000, 7368624314106569113600000
(list;
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listen;
history;
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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a(n) is the number of increasing quaternary trees on n vertices. (See A001147 for ternary and A000142 for binary trees.) - David Callan, Mar 30 2007
a(n) is the product of the positive integers k <= 3*n that have k modulo 3 = 1. - Peter Luschny, Jun 23 2011
See A094638 for connections to differential operators. - Tom Copeland, Sep 20 2011
Partial products of A016777. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 20 2013
For n > 2, a(n) is a Zumkeller number. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Jan 28 2020
a(n) is the number of generalized permutations of length n related to the degenerate Eulerian numbers (see arXiv:2007.13205), cf. A336633. - Orli Herscovici, Jul 28 2020
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REFERENCES
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N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
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LINKS
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T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=0..100
P. Codara, O. M. D'Antona, P. Hell, A simple combinatorial interpretation of certain generalized Bell and Stirling numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.1700 [cs.DM], 2013.
S. Goodenough, C. Lavault, On subsets of Riordan subgroups and Heisenberg--Weyl algebra, arXiv preprint arXiv:1404.1894 [cs.DM], 2014.
S. Goodenough, C. Lavault, Overview on Heisenberg—Weyl Algebra and Subsets of Riordan Subgroups, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 22(4) (2015), #P4.16.
Orli Herscovici, Generalized permutations related to the degenerate Eulerian numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.13205 [math.CO], 2020.
Ivan N. Ianakiev, A simple proof that for n > 2, a(n) is a Zumkeller number
Wolfdieter Lang, On generalizations of Stirling number triangles, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 3 (2000), #00.2.4.
J.-C. Novelli, J.-Y. Thibon, Hopf Algebras of m-permutations,(m+1)-ary trees, and m-parking functions, arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.5962 [math.CO], 2014.
M. D. Schmidt, Generalized j-Factorial Functions, Polynomials, and Applications, J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010), 10.6.7, Table 6.3.
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FORMULA
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a(n) = Product_{k=0..n-1} (3*k + 1).
a(n) = (3*n - 2)!!!, n >= 1, and a(0) = 1.
E.g.f.: (1-3*x)^(-1/3).
a(n) ~ sqrt(2*Pi)/Gamma(1/3)*n^(-1/6)*(3*n/e)^n*(1 - (1/36)/n - ...). - Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org), Nov 22 2001
a(n) = 3^n*Pochhammer(1/3, n).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-3)^(n-k)*A048994(n, k). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 29 2005
a(n) = n! *( Sum_{m=1..n} (m/n)*Sum_{k=1..n-m} (binomial(k, n-m-k) * (-1/3)^(n-m-k)*binomial(k+n-1,n-1) + 1 ), n>1. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Aug 09 2010
From Gary W. Adamson, Jul 19 2011: (Start)
a(n) = upper left term in M^n, M = a variant of Pascal (1,3) triangle (Cf. A095660); as an infinite square production matrix:
1, 3, 0, 0, 0,...
1, 4, 3, 0, 0,...
1, 5, 7, 3, 0,...
...
a(n+1) = sum of top row terms of M^n. (End)
a(n) = (-2)^n*Sum_{k=0..n} (3/2)^k*s(n+1,n+1-k), where s(n,k) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. - Mircea Merca, May 03 2012
G.f.: 1/Q(0) where Q(k) = 1 - x*(3*k+1)/( 1 - x*(3*k+3)/Q(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Mar 21 2013
G.f.: G(0)/2, where G(k)= 1 + 1/(1 - x*(3*k+1)/(x*(3*k+1) + 1/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 26 2013
E.g.f.: E(0)/2, where E(k)= 1 + 1/(1 - x*(3*k+1)/(x*(3*k+1) + (k+1)/E(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 26 2013
Let D(x) = 1/sqrt(1 - 2*x) be the e.g.f. for the sequence of double factorial numbers A001147. Then the e.g.f. A(x) for the triple factorial numbers satisfies D( Integral_{t=0..x} A(t) dt ) = A(x). Cf. A007696 and A008548. - Peter Bala, Jan 02 2015
O.g.f.: hypergeom([1, 1/3], [], 3*x). - Peter Luschny, Oct 08 2015
a(n) = 3^n * Gamma(n + 1/3)/Gamma(1/3). - Artur Jasinski, Aug 23 2016
a(n) = sigma[3,1]^{(n)}_n, n >= 0, with the elementary symmetric function of degree n in the n numbers 1, 4, 7, ..., 1+3*(n-1), with sigma[3,1]^{(n)}_0 := 1. See the first formula. - Wolfdieter Lang, May 29 2017
a(n) = (-1)^n / A008544(n), 0 = a(n)*(+3*a(n+1) -a(n+2)) +a(n+1)*a(n+1) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Sep 30 2018
D-finite with recurrence: a(n) +(-3*n+2)*a(n-1)=0, n>=1. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 14 2020
Sum_{n>=1) 1/a(n) = (e/9)^(1/3) * (Gamma(1/3) - Gamma(1/3, 1/3)). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 29 2020
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EXAMPLE
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G.f. = 1 + x + 4*x^2 + 28*x^3 + 280*x^4 + 3640*x^5 + 58240*x^6 + ...
a(3) = 28 and a(4) = 280; with top row of M^3 = (28, 117, 108, 27), sum = 280.
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MAPLE
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A007559 := n -> mul(k, k = select(k-> k mod 3 = 1, [$1 .. 3*n])): seq(A007559(n), n = 0 .. 17); # Peter Luschny, Jun 23 2011
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MATHEMATICA
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a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 1 / Product[ k, {k, - 2, 3 n - 1, -3}],
Product[ k, {k, 1, 3 n - 2, 3}]]; (* Michael Somos, Oct 14 2011 *)
FoldList[Times, 1, Range[1, 100, 3]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 05 2013 *)
Range[0, 19]! CoefficientList[Series[((1 - 3 x)^(-1/3)), {x, 0, 19}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 08 2015 *)
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PROG
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(Maxima) a(n):=if n=1 then 1 else (n)!*(sum(m/n*sum(binomial(k, n-m-k)*(-1/3)^(n-m-k)* binomial (k+n-1, n-1), k, 1, n-m), m, 1, n)+1); \\ Vladimir Kruchinin, Aug 09 2010
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<0, (-1)^n / prod(k=0, -1-n, 3*k + 2), prod(k=0, n-1, 3*k + 1))}; /* Michael Somos, Oct 14 2011 */
(PARI) x='x+O('x^33); Vec(serlaplace((1-3*x)^(-1/3))) /* Joerg Arndt, Apr 24 2011 */
(Sage)
def A007559(n) : return mul(j for j in range(1, 3*n, 3))
[A007559(n) for n in (0..17)] # Peter Luschny, May 20 2013
(Haskell)
a007559 n = a007559_list !! n
a007559_list = scanl (*) 1 a016777_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 20 2013
(MAGMA)
b:= func< n | (n lt 2) select n else (3*n-2)*Self(n-1) >;
[1] cat [b(n): n in [1..20]]; // G. C. Greubel, Aug 20 2019
(GAP) List([0..20], n-> Product([0..n-1], k-> 3*k+1 )); # G. C. Greubel, Aug 20 2019
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CROSSREFS
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Cf. A001147, A004987, A008544, A032031, A051141.
a(n)= A035469(n, 1), n >= 1, (first column of triangle A035469(n, m)).
Cf. A107716. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 22 2009
Cf. A095660. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 19 2011
Subsequence of A007661. A007696, A008548.
a(n) = A286718(n,0), n >= 0.
Row sums of A336633.
Sequence in context: A182964 A306228 A178599 * A138208 A071212 A090353
Adjacent sequences: A007556 A007557 A007558 * A007560 A007561 A007562
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KEYWORD
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nonn,nice,easy
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AUTHOR
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N. J. A. Sloane
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EXTENSIONS
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Better description from Wolfdieter Lang
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STATUS
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approved
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