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A000729
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Expansion of Product_{k >= 1} (1 - x^k)^6.
(Formerly M4076 N1691)
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15
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1, -6, 9, 10, -30, 0, 11, 42, 0, -70, 18, -54, 49, 90, 0, -22, -60, 0, -110, 0, 81, 180, -78, 0, 130, -198, 0, -182, -30, 90, 121, 84, 0, 0, 210, 0, -252, -102, -270, 170, 0, 0, -69, 330, 0, -38, 420, 0, -190, -390, 0, -108, 0, 0, 0, -300, 99, 442, 210, 0, 418, -294, 0, 0, -510, 378, -540, 138, 0
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OFFSET
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0,2
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COMMENTS
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This is Glaisher's function lambda(m). It appears to be defined only for odd m, and lambda(4t-1) = 0 (t >= 1), lambda(4t+1) = a(t) (t >= 0). - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 25 2018
Number 36 of the 74 eta-quotients listed in Table I of Martin (1996).
Dickson, v.2, p. 295 briefly states a result of Glaisher, 1883, pp 212-215. This result is that a(n) is the sum over all solutions of 16*n + 4 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 in nonnegative odd integers of chi(x) and is also the sum over all solutions of 8*n + 2 = x^2 + y^2 in nonnegative odd integers of chi(x) * chi(y) where chi(x) = x if x == 1 (mod 4) and -x if x == 3 (mod 4). [Michael Somos, Jun 18 2012]
Denoted by g_3(q) in Cynk and Hulek on page 8 as the unique weight 3 Hecke eigenform of level 16 with complex multiplication by i. - Michael Somos, Aug 24 2012
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REFERENCES
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L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers. Carnegie Institute Public. 256, Washington, DC, Vol. 1, 1919; Vol. 2, 1920; Vol. 3, 1923, see vol. 2, p. 295, and vol. 3, p. 134.
J. W. L. Glaisher, On the representations of a number as a sum of four squares, and on some allied arithmetical functions, Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 36 (1905), 305-358. See page 340.
J. W. L. Glaisher, The arithmetical functions P(m), Q(m), Omega{m), Quart. J. Math, 37 (1906), 36-48.
Morris Newman, A table of the coefficients of the powers of eta(tau). Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Proc. Ser. A. 59 = Indag. Math. 18 (1956), 204-216.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
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LINKS
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J. W. L. Glaisher, On the function chi(n), Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 20 (1884), 97-167.
J. W. L. Glaisher, On the function chi(n), Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 20 (1884), 97-167. [Annotated scanned copy]
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FORMULA
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Expansion of q^(-1/4)/16 * theta_2(q)^4 * theta_3(q) * theta_4(q) in powers of q. - [Dickson, v. 3, p. 134] from Stieltjes footnote 160. Michael Somos, Jun 18 2012
Expansion of q^(-1/2) / 4 * k * k' * (K / (pi/2))^3 in powers of q^2 where k, k', K are Jacobi elliptic functions. - Michael Somos, Jun 22 2012
G.f.: Product_{k>0}(1 - x^k)^6.
Given g.f. A(x), then A(q^4) = f(-q^4)^6 = phi(q) * phi(-q) * psi(q^2)^4 where phi(), psi(), f() are Ramanujan theta functions. - Michael Somos, Aug 23 2006
a(n) = b(4*n + 1) where b(n) is multiplicative with b(2^e) = 0^e, b(p^e) = p^e * (1 + (-1)^e) / 2 if p == 3 (mod 4), b(p^e) = b(p) * b(p^(e-1)) - b(p^(e-2)) * p^2 if p == 1 (mod 4) and b(p) = 2 * (x^2 - y^2) where p = x^2 + y^2 and y is even. - Michael Somos, Aug 23 2006
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (16 t)) = 64 (t/i)^3 f(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t). - Michael Somos, Aug 24 2012
G.f.: Sum_{k>=0} a(k) * x^(4*k + 1) = (1/2) * Sum_{u,v in Z} (u*u - 4*v*v) * x^(u*u + 4*v*v). - Michael Somos, Jun 14 2007
G.f.: eta(x)^6 = Sum_{n>=0} (1+2n)^2*x^(n^2+n) + 2*Sum_{n>=0,k>=1} (1 + 4(n^2+n-k^2))*x^(n^2+n+k^2) - from the Milne and Leininger reference. [Paul D. Hanna, Mar 15 2010]
Let M be a positive integer whose prime factors are all congruent to 3 (mod 4) - see A004614. Then a( M^2*n + (M^2 - 1)/4 ) = M^2*a(n). See Cooper et al., equation 5. - Peter Bala, Dec 01 2020
a(n) = b(4*n + 1) where b(n) is multiplicative with b(2^e) = 0^e, b(p^e) = p^e * (1 + (-1)^e) / 2 if p == 3 (mod 4), b(p^e) = ((x+y*i)^(2*e+2) - (x-y*i)^(2*e+2))/((x+y*i)^2 - (x-y*i)^2) if p == 1 (mod 4) where p = x^2 + y^2 and x is odd. - Jianing Song, Mar 19 2022
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EXAMPLE
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G.f. = 1 - 6*x + 9*x^2 + 10*x^3 - 30*x^4 + 11*x^6 + 42*x^7 - 70*x^9 + 18*x^10 + ...
G.f. = q - 6*q^5 + 9*q^9 + 10*q^13 - 30*q^17 + 11*q^25 + 42*q^29 - 70*q^37 + ...
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MATHEMATICA
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a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ 1/16 EllipticTheta[ 4, 0, q] EllipticTheta[ 2, 0, q]^4 EllipticTheta[ 3, 0, q], {q, 0, 4 n + 1}]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 18 2012 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, With[ {m = Sqrt[ 16 n + 4]}, SeriesCoefficient[ Sum[ Mod[k, 2] q^k^2, {k, m}]^3 Sum[ KroneckerSymbol[ -4, k] k q^k^2, {k, m}], {q, 0, 16 n + 4}]]]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 12 2012 *)
a[ n_] := With[ {m = InverseEllipticNomeQ @ q}, SeriesCoefficient[ Sqrt[(1 - m) m ] (EllipticK[m] 2/Pi)^3 / (4 q^(1/2)), {q, 0, 2 n}]]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 22 2012 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ Product[ 1 - x^k, {k, n}]^6, {x, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, May 17 2015 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ QPochhammer[ x]^6, {x, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, May 17 2015 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (-1/4) EllipticThetaPrime[ 1, -Pi/4, q] EllipticTheta[ 1, -Pi/4, q]^3, {q, 0, 4 n + 1}]; (* Michael Somos, May 17 2015 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (-1/16) EllipticThetaPrime[ 1, 0, q] EllipticTheta[ 1, -Pi/2, q]^3, {q, 0, 4 n + 1}]; (* Michael Somos, May 17 2015 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) {a(n) = my(A); if( n<0, 0, A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x + A)^6, n))};
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A, p, e, x, y, a0, a1); if( n<0, 0, n = 4*n + 1; A = factor(n); prod( k=1, matsize(A)[1], [p, e] = A[k, ]; if( p==2, 0, p%4==3, if( e%2, 0, p^e), forstep( i=1, sqrtint(p), 2, if( issquare( p - i^2, &y), x=i; break)); a0=1; a1 = y = 2*(x^2 - y^2); for( i=2, e, x = y*a1 - p^2*a0; a0=a1; a1=x); a1)))}; /* Michael Somos, Aug 21 2006 */
(PARI) {a(n)=local(tn=(sqrtint(8*n+1)+1)\2); polcoeff(sum(m=0, tn, (1+2*m)^2*x^(m^2+m)+x*O(x^n)) + 2*sum(m=0, tn, sum(k=1, tn, (1+4*(m^2+m-k^2))*x^(m^2+m+k^2)+x*O(x^n))), n)} /* Paul D. Hanna, Mar 15 2010 */
(Magma) A := Basis( ModularForms( Gamma1(16), 3), 274); A[2] - 6*A[6] + 9*A[10] + 10*A[14] - 30*A[18]; /* Michael Somos, May 17 2015 */
(Magma) A := Basis( CuspForms( Gamma1(16), 3), 274); A[1] - 6*A[5]; /* Michael Somos, Jan 09 2017 */
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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sign,easy
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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