A381899 Irregular triangular array read by rows. T(n,k) is the number of length n words x on {0,1} such that I(x) + W(x)*(n-W(x)) = k, where I(x) is the number of inversions in x and W(x) is the number of 1's in x, n >= 0, 0 <= k <= floor(n^2/2).

1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 7, 6, 9, 7, 7, 5, 4, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 6, 10, 12, 14, 12, 14, 10, 10, 6, 4, 2, 2

Offset

0,2

Comments

Sum_{k>=0} T(n,k)*2^k = A132186(n).

Sum_{k>=0} T(n,k)*3^k = A053846(n).

Sum_{k>=0} T(n,k)*q^k = the number of idempotent n X n matrices over GF(q).

It appears that if n is even the n-th row converges to 2,0,0,...,21,13,9,5,4,1,1 which is A226622 reversed, and if n is odd the sequence is twice A226635.

From Alois P. Heinz, Mar 09 2025: (Start)

Sum_{k>=0} k * T(n,k) = 3*A001788(n-1) for n>=1.

Sum_{k>=0} (-1)^k * T(n,k) = A060546(n). (End)

Links

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..50, flattened

Formula

Sum_{n>=0} Sum_{k>=0} T(n,k)*q^k*x^n/(n_q!*q^binomial(n,2)) = e(x)^2 where e(x) = Sum_{n>=0} x^n/(n_q!*q^binomial(n,2)) where n_q! = Product{i=1..n} (q^n-1)/(q-1).

Example

Triangle T(n,k) begins:
  1;
  2;
  2, 1, 1;
  2, 0, 2, 2, 2;
  2, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 1;
  2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 4, 4, 2, 2;
  ...
T(4,5) = 3 because we have: {0, 1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0, 1}.

Maple

b:= proc(i, j) option remember; expand(`if`(i+j=0, 1,
     `if`(i=0, 0, b(i-1, j))+`if`(j=0, 0, b(i, j-1)*z^i)))
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, z, i), i=0..degree(p)))(
         expand(add(b(n-j, j)*z^(j*(n-j)), j=0..n))):
seq(T(n), n=0..10);  # Alois P. Heinz, Mar 09 2025

Mathematica

nn = 7; B[n_] := FunctionExpand[QFactorial[n, q]]*q^Binomial[n, 2]; e[z_] := Sum[z^n/B[n], {n, 0, nn}]; Map[CoefficientList[#, q] &, Table[B[n], {n, 0, nn}] CoefficientList[Series[e[z]^2, {z, 0, nn}], z]]

Crossrefs

Row sums give A000079.

Cf. A001788, A060546, A226635, A226622, A132186, A053846, A083906.

Sequence in context: A257248 A090737 A204016 * A343334 A157865 A362423

Adjacent sequences: A381896 A381897 A381898 * A381900 A381901 A381902

Keyword

nonn,tabf

Author

Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 09 2025

Status

approved