A356777 G.f.: Sum_{n=-oo..+oo} x^(n^2) * C(x)^(2*n-1), where C(x) = 1 + x*C(x)^2 is a g.f. of the Catalan numbers (A000108).

1, 1, -3, 0, 1, -5, 5, 0, 0, 1, -7, 14, -7, 0, 0, 0, 1, -9, 27, -30, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -11, 44, -77, 55, -11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -13, 65, -156, 182, -91, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -15, 90, -275, 450, -378, 140, -15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -17, 119, -442, 935, -1122, 714, -204, 17, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -19, 152, -665, 1729, -2717, 2508, -1254, 285, -19

Offset

0,3

Links

Paul D. Hanna, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2555

Formula

G.f. A(x) = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*x^n may be obtained from the following expressions; here, C(x) = 1 + x*C(x)^2 is the g.f. of the Catalan numbers (A000108).

(1) A(x) = Sum_{n=-oo..+oo} x^(n^2) * C(x)^(2*n-1).

(2) A(x) = 1/C(x) * Product_{n>=1} (1 + x^(2*n-1)*C(x)^2) * (1 + x^(2*n-1)/C(x)^2) * (1 - x^(2*n)), by the Jacobi triple product identity.

(3) A(x) = 1/C(x) + Sum_{n>=1} x^(n^2) * (C(x)^(2*n-1) + 1/C(x)^(2*n+1)).

(4) A(x) = Sum_{n>=0} Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k * binomial(2*n-k, k) * (2*n+1)/(2*n-2*k+1) * x^(n^2 + k).

Example

G.f.: A(x) = 1 + x - 3*x^2 + x^4 - 5*x^5 + 5*x^6 + x^9 - 7*x^10 + 14*x^11 - 7*x^12 + x^16 - 9*x^17 + 27*x^18 - 30*x^19 + 9*x^20 + x^25 - 11*x^26 + 44*x^27 - 77*x^28 + 55*x^29 - 11*x^30 + x^36 - 13*x^37 + 65*x^38 - 156*x^39 + 182*x^40 - 91*x^41 + 13*x^42 + x^49 - 15*x^50 + 90*x^51 - 275*x^52 + 450*x^53 - 378*x^54 + 140*x^55 - 15*x^56 + ...
such that
A(x) = ... + x^16/C(x)^9 + x^9/C(x)^7 + x^4/C(x)^5 + x/C(x)^3 + 1/C(x) + x*C(x) + x^4*C(x)^3 + x^9*C(x)^5 + x^16*C(x)^7 + x^25*C(x)^9 + ... + x^(n^2)*C^(2*n-1) + ...
where the Catalan function C(x) = (1 - sqrt(1-4*x))/(2*x) begins
C(x) = 1 + x + 2*x^2 + 5*x^3 + 14*x^4 + 42*x^5 + 132*x^6 + 429*x^7 + 1430*x^8 + 4862*x^9 + ... + A000108(n)*x^n + ...
RELATED TABLE.
This sequence may be written in the form of an irregular triangle:
1,
1, -3, 0,
1, -5, 5, 0, 0,
1, -7, 14, -7, 0, 0, 0,
1, -9, 27, -30, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1, -11, 44, -77, 55, -11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1, -13, 65, -156, 182, -91, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1, -15, 90, -275, 450, -378, 140, -15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1, -17, 119, -442, 935, -1122, 714, -204, 17, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1, -19, 152, -665, 1729, -2717, 2508, -1254, 285, -19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
...
Compare the above construction to triangle A082985.

Prog

(PARI) /* By Definition: */
{a(n) = my(A, C = 1/x*serreverse(x-x^2 +O(x^(n+2))), M=ceil(sqrt(n+1)));
A = sum(m=-M, M, x^(m^2) * C^(2*m-1) ); polcoeff(A, n)}
for(n=0, 90, print1(a(n), ", "))
(PARI) /* Without Using Catalan Series */
{a(n) = my(A, M=ceil(sqrt(n+1)));
A = sum(m=0, M, sum(k=0, 2*m, (-1)^k*binomial(2*m-k, k)*(2*m+1)/(2*m-2*k+1) * x^(m^2 + k) ) +x*O(x^n)); polcoeff(A, n)}
for(n=0, 90, print1(a(n), ", "))

Crossrefs

Cf. A355341, A355342, A355345, A356778, A082985, A000108.

Sequence in context: A104544 A123880 A186363 * A254295 A143626 A034261

Adjacent sequences: A356774 A356775 A356776 * A356778 A356779 A356780

Keyword

sign

Author

Paul D. Hanna, Sep 08 2022

Status

approved