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A239957
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a(n) = |{0 < g < prime(n): g is a primitive root modulo prime(n) of the form k^2 + 1}|.
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14
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1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 3, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 6, 3, 3, 7, 4, 5, 2, 8, 3, 5, 6, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 7, 3, 2, 6, 8, 2, 3, 5, 8, 4, 7, 4, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 5, 8, 6, 10, 6, 4, 9, 6, 9, 5, 3, 13, 5, 8, 9, 5, 6, 8, 13, 13, 6, 6, 5
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OFFSET
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1,7
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COMMENTS
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Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 0. In other words, every prime p has a primitive root 0 < g < p of the form k^2 + 1, where k is an integer.
(ii) If p > 3 is a prime not equal to 13, then p has a primitive root 0 < g < p which is of the form k^2 - 1, where k is a positive integer.
See also A239963 for a similar conjecture.
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LINKS
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EXAMPLE
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a(6) = 1 since 1^2 + 1 = 2 is a primitive root modulo prime(6) = 13.
a(11) = 1 since 4^2 + 1 = 17 is a primitive root modulo prime(11) = 31.
a(20) = 1 since 8^2 + 1 = 65 is a primitive root modulo prime(20) = 71.
a(22) = 1 since 6^2 + 1 = 37 is a primitive root modulo prime(22) = 79.
a(36) = 1 since 9^2 + 1 = 82 is a primitive root modulo prime(36) = 151.
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MATHEMATICA
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f[k_]:=k^2+1
dv[n_]:=Divisors[n]
Do[m=0; Do[Do[If[Mod[f[k]^(Part[dv[Prime[n]-1], i]), Prime[n]]==1, Goto[aa]], {i, 1, Length[dv[Prime[n]-1]]-1}]; m=m+1; Label[aa]; Continue, {k, 0, Sqrt[Prime[n]-2]}]; Print[n, " ", m]; Continue, {n, 1, 80}]
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PROG
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(PARI) ispr(n, p)=my(f=factor(p-1)[, 1], m=Mod(n, p)); for(i=1, #f, if(m^(p\f[i])==1, return(0))); m^(p-1)==1
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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