OFFSET
1,6
COMMENTS
The first column (k=1) holds the interleaved integer square roots of these two "Half-Square" expressions in ascending order: floor(m^2/2 + 1) for m=>0 and floor(m^2/2 - 1) for m=>1. The second column (k=2) holds the value of m that yields the corresponding integer square root.
The value of m for row n (at n mod 3 = 2) is the value of the square root for the next row (at n mod 3 = 0) which uses the other expression.
There are twice as many results for the expression floor(m^2/2 + 1) as for floor(m^2/2 - 1), interleaved consistently as two of every three results (as shown in the example below).
The first column, for n mod 3 = 1, produces A001541.
The first column, for n mod 3 = 2, produces A001653.
NOTE: Interleaving of the two sequences above is A079496.
The first column, for n mod 3 = 0, produces A002315 (NSW Numbers).
The second column, for n mod 3 = 1, produces A005319.
The second column, for n mod 3 = 2, produces A002315 (again).
NOTE: Interleaving of the two sequences above is A143608.
The second column, for n mod 3 = 0, produces A075870.
The row sums at n mod 3 = 1 and n mod 3 = 0 are used in the recursion to produce values in subsequent rows of the array for both columns.
For rows at n mod 3 = 2, the ascending interleaved combination of A(n,1) and the row sum (of the same row) produces A000129 (Pell Numbers).
Row sums also hold all the integer square roots (as given in A001542) of the Half-Squares, (A007590), at n mod 3 = 2, and the corresponding values of m in the next row at n mod 3 = 0, corresponding to A001541.
The value of the floor of half the row sum, for n mod 3 =0 and n mod 3 = 1, produces A048739, giving the partial sums of A000129 (Pell Numbers), for the Pell Numbers produced through the prior row at n mod 3 = 2.
The value of half the row sum, for n mod 3 = 2, produces A001109 (without its initial 0). This subsequence is also produced from finding the integer square roots of A083374. The value of the indices of that sequence where these roots occur is given by A002315 (NSW Numbers).
The differences of two entries in row n equals the row sum for row n-3, consistently for all rows n > 3.
The ratio of the two entries in the same row converges to sqrt(2).
The ratio of two entries in the same column (either k=1 or k=2) converge as follows:
A(k,n)/A(k,n-1)--> sqrt(2) for n mod 3 = 0,
--> sqrt(2) + 1 for n mod 3 = 1,
--> sqrt(2)/2 + 1 for n mod 3 = 2.
A(k,n)/A(k,n-3)--> sqrt(8) + 3 for n mod 3 = 0, 1, or 2,
FORMULA
Initialize row 1 as A(1,1) = 1 and A(1,2) = 0, then:
For rows at n mod 3 = 0: A(n,1) = A(n-1, 2)
A(n,2) = A(n, 1) + A(n-2, 1)
For rows at n mod 3 = 1: A(n,1) = A(n-1, 1) + A(n-1, 2)
A(n,2) = A(n, 1) + A(n-1, 1)
For rows at n mod 3 = 2: A(n,1) = A(n-1,1) + A(n-3, 1)
A(n,2) = A(n-1,1) + A(n-1, 2)
Empirical g.f.: -x*(2*x^11-x^10-x^9+x^8-4*x^7+3*x^6-2*x^5-x^4-x^3-x^2-1) / ((x^6-2*x^3-1)*(x^6+2*x^3-1)). - Colin Barker, Aug 08 2013
EXAMPLE
The two column array with row number n and the row sum. An extra column on the right shows which expression is applicable to get that row's values: either floor(m^2/2 + 1) indicated as "+1", or floor(m^2/2 - 1) indicated as "-1". (NOTE: The value of n is immaterial, except as a row number).
The array begins:
Row k=1 k=2 Applicable "Half-Square"
n (sqrt) (m) Row Sum Expression
1 1 0 1 +1
2 1 1 2 +1
3 1 2 3 -1
4 3 4 7 +1
5 5 7 12 +1
6 7 10 17 -1
7 17 24 41 +1
8 29 41 70 +1
9 41 58 99 -1
10 99 140 239 +1
11 169 239 408 +1
12 239 338 577 -1
13 577 816 1393 +1
14 985 1393 2378 +1
15 1393 1970 3363 -1
16 3363 4756 8119 +1
17 5741 8119 13860 +1
18 8119 11482 19601 -1
19 19601 27720 47321 +1
20 33461 47321 80782 +1
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Richard R. Forberg, Aug 01 2013
EXTENSIONS
Some additional comments by Richard R. Forberg, Aug 12 2013
STATUS
approved