OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree can be defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula-Goebel number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m>=2 there corresponds the product of the Matula-Goebel numbers of the m branches of T.
LINKS
Emeric Deutsch, Rooted tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv:1111.4288 [math.CO], 2011.
F. Goebel, On a 1-1-correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.
I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.
I. Gutman and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22.
D. W. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Rev. 10 (1968) 273.
FORMULA
The number of vertices of even degree of the rooted trees with Matula-Goebel number n is A190174(n). The number n is in the sequence if and only if A190174(n)=0.
In A182907 one can find the generating polynomial g(n)=g(n,x) of the vertices of the rooted tree having Matula-Goebel number n, according to degree. We look for those values of n for which the polynomial g(n,x) is odd, i.e. satisfies g(n,-x)=-g(n,x).
EXAMPLE
7 is in the sequence because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 7 is the rooted tree Y with vertices of degree 1,1,1,3.
15 is not in the sequence because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 15 is the path tree ABRCDE, rooted at R; it has 2 vertices of degree 1 and 4 vertices of degree 2.
MAPLE
with(numtheory): g := proc (n) local r, s: r := proc (n) options operator, arrow: op(1, factorset(n)) end proc: s := proc (n) options operator, arrow: n/r(n) end proc: if n = 1 then 1 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then sort(expand(g(pi(n))+x^bigomega(pi(n))*(x-1)+x)) else sort(expand(g(r(n))+g(s(n))-x^bigomega(r(n))-x^bigomega(s(n))+x^bigomega(n))) end if end proc: a := proc (n) options operator, arrow: (1/2)*subs(x = 1, g(n))+(1/2)*subs(x = -1, g(n)) end proc: A := {}: for n to 4000 do if a(n) = 0 then A := `union`(A, {n}) else end if end do: A;
MATHEMATICA
r[n_] := FactorInteger[n][[1, 1]];
s[n_] := n/r[n];
g[n_] := Which[n == 1, 1, PrimeOmega[n] == 1, g[PrimePi[n]] + x^PrimeOmega[PrimePi[n]]*(x - 1) + x, True, g[r[n]] + g[s[n]] - x^PrimeOmega[r[n]] - x^PrimeOmega[s[n]] + x^PrimeOmega[n]];
a[n_] := (1/2)(g[n] /. x -> 1) + (1/2)(g[n] /. x -> -1);
A = {};
Do[If[a[n] == 0, A = Union[A, {n}]], {n, 1, 4000}];
A (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 20 2024, after Maple code *)
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Emeric Deutsch, Oct 30 2011, Dec 09 2011
STATUS
approved