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A182143
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Number of independent vertex sets in the Moebius ladder graph with 2n nodes (n >= 0).
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4
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1, 3, 5, 15, 33, 83, 197, 479, 1153, 2787, 6725, 16239, 39201, 94643, 228485, 551615, 1331713, 3215043, 7761797, 18738639, 45239073, 109216787, 263672645, 636562079, 1536796801, 3710155683, 8957108165, 21624372015, 52205852193, 126036076403, 304278004997
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OFFSET
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0,2
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COMMENTS
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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G.f.: (x^2-2*x-1)/((x+1)*(x^2+2*x-1)).
a(n) = (1+sqrt(2))^n + (1-sqrt(2))^n - (-1)^n = A002203(n) - (-1)^n.
a(n) = a(n-1) + 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3) with a(0)=1, a(1)=3, a(2)=5.
a(n) = Pell(n-1) + Pell(n+1) - (-1)^n.
a(n) = [x^n] ( (1 + 2*x + sqrt(1 + 8*x + 8*x^2))/2 )^n.
exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*x^n/n ) = 1 + x + 3*x^2 + 7*x^3 + 17*x^4 + 41*x^5 + ... = Sum_{n >= 0} A001333*x^n. Cf. A098600. (End)
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MATHEMATICA
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Table[(1 + Sqrt[2])^n + (1 - Sqrt[2])^n - (-1)^n, {n, 0, 30}] (* Bruno Berselli, Apr 14 2012 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(-1 - 2 x + x^2)/(-1 + x + 3 x^2 + x^3), {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 21 2017 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) Vec((x^2-2*x-1)/((x+1)*(x^2+2*x-1))+O(x^31)) \\ Bruno Berselli, Apr 14 2012
(Magma) I:=[1, 3, 5]; [n le 3 select I[n] else Self(n-1)+3*Self(n-2)+Self(n-3): n in [1..31]]; // Bruno Berselli, Apr 14 2012
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn,easy
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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