A122974 Triangle T(n,k), the number of permutations on n elements that have no cycles of length k.

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 15, 16, 18, 44, 75, 80, 90, 96, 265, 435, 520, 540, 576, 600, 1854, 3045, 3640, 3780, 4032, 4200, 4320, 14833, 24465, 29120, 31500, 32256, 33600, 34560, 35280, 133496, 220185, 259840, 283500, 290304, 302400, 311040, 317520, 322560

Offset

1,4

Comments

Read as sequence, a(n) is the number of permutations on j elements with no cycles of length i where j=round((2*n)^.5) and i=n-C(j,2).

T(n,k) generalizes several sequences already in the On-Line Encyclopedia, such as A000166, the number of permutations on n elements with no fixed points and A000266, the number of permutations on n elements with no transpositions (i.e., no 2-cycles). See the cross references for further examples.

Links

Alois P. Heinz, Rows for n = 1..141, flattened

Dennis P. Walsh, The Number of Permutations with No k-Cycles.

Formula

T(n,k)=n!*sum r=0..floor(n/k)((-1/k)^r/r!) E.G.F: exp(-x^k/k)/(1-x) a(n)=(round((2*n)^.5))!*sum((-1/(n-binomial(round((2*n)^.5),2)))^r/r!,r=0..floor(round((2*n)^.5)/(n-binomial(round((2*n)^.5),2)))).

T(n,k) = n! - A293211(n,k). - Alois P. Heinz, Nov 24 2019

Example

T(3,2)=3 since there are exactly 3 permutations of 1,2,3 that have no cycles of length 2, namely, (1)(2)(3),(1 2 3) and (2 1 3).
Triangle T(n,k) begins:
      0;
      1,     1;
      2,     3,     4;
      9,    15,    16,    18;
     44,    75,    80,    90,    96;
    265,   435,   520,   540,   576,   600;
   1854,  3045,  3640,  3780,  4032,  4200,  4320;
  14833, 24465, 29120, 31500, 32256, 33600, 34560, 35280;
  ...

Maple

seq((round((2*n)^.5))!*sum((-1/(n-binomial(round((2*n)^.5), 2)))^r/r!, r=0..floor(round((2*n)^.5)/(n-binomial(round((2*n)^.5), 2)))), n=1..66);
# second Maple program:
T:= proc(n, k) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, add(`if`(j=k, 0,
      T(n-j, k)*binomial(n-1, j-1)*(j-1)!), j=1..n))
    end:
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=1..n), n=1..12);  # Alois P. Heinz, Nov 24 2019

Mathematica

T[n_, k_] := T[n, k] = If[n==0, 1, Sum[If[j==k, 0, T[n - j, k] Binomial[n - 1, j - 1] (j - 1)!], {j, 1, n}]];
Table[Table[T[n, k], {k, 1, n}], {n, 1, 12}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 08 2019, after Alois P. Heinz *)

Crossrefs

Cf. T(n, 1)=A000166 for n=>1 T(n, 2)=A000266 for n=>2 T(n, 3)=A000090 for n=>3 T(n, 4)=A000138 for n=>4 T(n, 5)=A060725 for n=>5 T(n, 6)=A060726 for n=>6 T(n, 7)=A060727 for n=>7.

T(n,n) gives A094304(n+1).

Sequence in context: A342532 A133993 A341824 * A032982 A288856 A033076

Adjacent sequences: A122971 A122972 A122973 * A122975 A122976 A122977

Keyword

easy,tabl,nonn

Author

Dennis P. Walsh, Oct 27 2006

Status

approved