A113084 Triangle T, read by rows, that satisfies the recurrence: T(n,k) = [T^3](n-1,k-1) + [T^3](n-1,k) for n>k>=0, with T(n,n)=1 for n>=0, where T^3 is the matrix third power of T.

1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 1, 21, 33, 13, 1, 331, 586, 294, 40, 1, 11973, 23299, 13768, 2562, 121, 1, 1030091, 2166800, 1447573, 333070, 22569, 364, 1, 218626341, 490872957, 361327779, 97348117, 8466793, 200931, 1093, 1, 118038692523, 280082001078

Offset

0,4

Comments

Column 0 of the matrix power p, T^p, equals the number of 3-tournament sequences having initial term p.

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=0..37.

Formula

Let GF[T] denote the g.f. of triangular matrix T. Then GF[T] = 1 + x*(1+y)*GF[T^3] and for all integer p>=1: GF[T^p] = 1 + x*Sum_{j=1..p} GF[T^(p+2*j)] + x*y*GF[T^(3*p)].

Example

Triangle T begins:
1;
1,1;
3,4,1;
21,33,13,1;
331,586,294,40,1;
11973,23299,13768,2562,121,1;
1030091,2166800,1447573,333070,22569,364,1; ...
Matrix square T^2 (A113088) begins:
1;
2,1;
10,8,1;
114,118,26,1;
2970,3668,1108,80,1;
182402,257122,96416,9964,242,1; ...
where column 0 equals A113089.
Matrix cube T^3 (A113090) begins:
1;
3,1;
21,12,1;
331,255,39,1;
11973,11326,2442,120,1;
1030091,1136709,310864,22206,363,1; ...
where adjacent sums in row n of T^3 forms row n+1 of T.

Prog

(PARI) {T(n, k)=local(M=matrix(n+1, n+1)); for(r=1, n+1, for(c=1, r, M[r, c]=if(r==c, 1, if(c>1, (M^3)[r-1, c-1])+(M^3)[r-1, c]))); return(M[n+1, k+1])}

Crossrefs

Cf. A113081; A097710, A113095, A113106; A113085 (column 0), A113088 (T^2), A113087 (row sums).

Sequence in context: A215241 A055133 A342186 * A361540 A354293 A255905

Adjacent sequences: A113081 A113082 A113083 * A113085 A113086 A113087

Keyword

nonn,tabl

Author

Paul D. Hanna, Oct 14 2005

Status

approved