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A081324
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Twice a square but not the sum of 2 distinct squares.
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9
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0, 2, 8, 18, 32, 72, 98, 128, 162, 242, 288, 392, 512, 648, 722, 882, 968, 1058, 1152, 1458, 1568, 1922, 2048, 2178, 2592, 2888, 3528, 3698, 3872, 4232, 4418, 4608, 4802, 5832, 6272, 6498, 6962, 7688, 7938, 8192, 8712, 8978, 9522, 10082, 10368, 11552
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OFFSET
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1,2
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COMMENTS
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Conjecture: for n>1 this is A050804.
Conjecture is true. Proof :
If n = a^2 + b^2, where a and b are nonzero integers, then n^3 = (a^2 + b^2)^3 = A^2 + B^2 = C^2 + D^2 where;
A = 2*a^2*b + (a^2-b^2)*b = 3*a^2*b - b^3,
B = 2*a*b^2 - (a^2-b^2)*a = 3*a*b^2 - a^3,
C = 2*a*b^2 + (a^2-b^2)*a = 1*a*b^2 + a^3,
D = 2*a^2*b - (a^2-b^2)*b = 1*a^2*b + b^3.
Obviously, A, B, C, D are always nonzero because a and b are nonzero integers. Additionally, if a^2 is not equal to b^2, then (A, B) and (C, D) are distinct pairs, that is, n^3 can be expressible as a sum of two nonzero squares more than one way. Since we know that n is a sum of two nonzero squares if and only if n^3 is a sum of two nonzero squares (see comment section of A000404); if n^3 is the sum of two nonzero squares in exactly one way, n must be a^2 + b^2 with a^2 = b^2 and n is the sum of two nonzero squares in exactly one way. That is the definition of this sequence, so this sequence is exactly A050804 except "0" that is the first term of this sequence. (End) [Edited by Altug Alkan, May 14 2016]
Conjecture: sequence consists of numbers of form 2*k^2 such that sigma(2*k^2)==3 (mod 4) and k is not divisible by 5.
The reason of related observation is that 5 is the least prime of the form 4*m+1. However, counterexamples can be produced. For example 57122 = 2*169^2 and sigma(57122) == 3 (mod 4) and it is not divisible by 5. - Altug Alkan, Jun 10 2016
For n > 0, this sequence lists numbers n such that n is the sum of two nonzero squares while n^2 is not. - Altug Alkan, Apr 11 2016
2*k^2 where k has no prime factor == 1 (mod 4). - Robert Israel, Jun 10 2016
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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MAPLE
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map(k -> 2*k^2, select(k -> andmap(t -> t[1] mod 4 <> 1, ifactors(k)[2]), [$0..100])); # Robert Israel, Jun 10 2016
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MATHEMATICA
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Select[ Range[0, 12000], MatchQ[ PowersRepresentations[#, 2, 2], {{n_, n_}}] &] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 18 2013 *)
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PROG
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(Haskell)
import Data.List (elemIndices)
a081324 n = a081324_list !! (n-1)
a081324_list = 0 : elemIndices 1 a063725_list
(PARI) concat([0, 2], apply(n->2*n^2, select(n->vecmin(factor(n)[, 1]%4)>1, vector(100, n, n+1)))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 18 2013
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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