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A003052
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Self numbers or Colombian numbers (numbers that are not of the form m + sum of digits of m for any m).
(Formerly M2404)
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84
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1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 20, 31, 42, 53, 64, 75, 86, 97, 108, 110, 121, 132, 143, 154, 165, 176, 187, 198, 209, 211, 222, 233, 244, 255, 266, 277, 288, 299, 310, 312, 323, 334, 345, 356, 367, 378, 389, 400, 411, 413, 424, 435, 446, 457, 468, 479, 490, 501, 512, 514, 525
(list;
graph;
refs;
listen;
history;
text;
internal format)
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OFFSET
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1,2
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COMMENTS
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The term "self numbers" was coined by Kaprekar (1959). The term "Colombian number" was coined by Recamán (1973) of Bogota, Colombia.
The asymptotic density of this sequence is approximately 0.0977778 (Guaraldo, 1978). (End)
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REFERENCES
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Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, Section 2.24.
Martin Gardner, Time Travel and Other Mathematical Bewilderments. Freeman, NY, 1988, p. 116.
V. S. Joshi, A note on self-numbers. Volume dedicated to the memory of V. Ramaswami Aiyar. Math. Student, Vol. 39 (1971), pp. 327-328. MR0330032 (48 #8371).
D. R. Kaprekar, Puzzles of the Self-Numbers. 311 Devlali Camp, Devlali, India, 1959.
D. R. Kaprekar, The Mathematics of the New Self Numbers, Privately Printed, 311 Devlali Camp, Devlali, India, 1963.
D. R. Kaprekar, The Mathematics of the New Self Numbers (Part V). 311 Devlali Camp, Devlali, India, 1967.
Andrzej Makowski, On Kaprekar's "junction numbers", Math. Student, Vol. 34 (1966), p. 77. MR0223292 (36 #6340).
A. Narasinga Rao, On a technique for obtaining numbers with a multiplicity of generators, Math. Student, Vol. 34 (1966), pp. 79-84. MR0229573 (37 #5147).
Bernardo Recamán, The Bogota Puzzles, Dover Publications, Inc., 2020, chapter 36, p. 33.
József Sándor and Borislav Crstici, Handbook of Number theory II, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, Chapter 4, pp. 384-386.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
Author?, J. Recreational Math., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 244, 1991.
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LINKS
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Max A. Alekseyev and N. J. A. Sloane, On Kaprekar's Junction Numbers, arXiv:2112.14365, 2021; Journal of Combinatorics and Number Theory, 2022 (to appear).
Christian N. K. Anderson, Ulam Spiral of the first 5000 self numbers.
Santanu Bandyopadhyay, Self-Number, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (Mumbai, India, 2020).
Santanu Bandyopadhyay, Self-Number, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (Mumbai, India, 2020). [Local copy]
Bernardo Recamán, Problem E2408, Amer. Math. Monthly, Vol. 80, No. 4 (1973), p. 434; Colombian Numbers, solution to Problem E2408 by D. W. Bange, ibid., Vol. 81, No. 4 (1974), p. 407.
Walter Schneider, Self Numbers, 2000-2003 (unpublished; local copy)
Terry Trotter, Charlene Numbers [Warning: As of March 2018 this site appears to have been hacked. Proceed with great caution. The original content should be retrieved from the Wayback machine and added here. - N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 29 2018]
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FORMULA
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In fact this defines the sequence: x is in the sequence iff A230093(x) = 0. - M. F. Hasler, Nov 08 2018
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MAPLE
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isA003052 := proc(n) local k ; for k from 0 to n do if k+A007953(k) = n then RETURN(false): fi; od: RETURN(true) ; end:
A003052 := proc(n) option remember; if n = 1 then 1; else for a from procname(n-1)+1 do if isA003052(a) then RETURN(a) ; fi; od; fi; end: # R. J. Mathar, Jul 27 2009
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MATHEMATICA
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nn = 525; Complement[Range[nn], Union[Table[n + Total[IntegerDigits[n]], {n, nn}]]] (* T. D. Noe, Mar 31 2013 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) is_A003052(n)={for(i=1, min(n\2, 9*#digits(n)), sumdigits(n-i)==i && return); n} \\ M. F. Hasler, Mar 20 2011, updated Nov 08 2018
(PARI) is(n) = {if(n < 30, return((n < 10 && n%2 == 1) || n == 20)); qd = 1 + logint(n, 10); r = 1 + (n-1)%9; h = (r + 9 * (r%2))/2; ld = 10; while(h + 9*qd >= n % ld, ld*=10); vs = vecsum(digits(n \ ld)); n %= ld; for(i = 0, qd, if(vs + vecsum(digits(n - h - 9*i)) == h + 9*i, return(0))); 1} \\ David A. Corneth, Aug 20 2020
(Haskell)
a003052 n = a003052_list !! (n-1)
a003052_list = filter ((== 0) . a230093) [1..]
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CROSSREFS
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For self primes, i.e., self numbers which are primes, see A006378.
Cf. A247104 (subsequence of squarefree terms).
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KEYWORD
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nonn,base
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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