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A057163
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Signature-permutation of a Catalan automorphism: Reflect a rooted plane binary tree; Deutsch's 1998 involution on Dyck paths.
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168
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0, 1, 3, 2, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 22, 21, 20, 18, 17, 19, 16, 15, 13, 12, 14, 11, 10, 9, 64, 63, 62, 59, 58, 61, 57, 55, 50, 49, 54, 48, 46, 45, 60, 56, 53, 47, 44, 52, 43, 41, 36, 35, 40, 34, 32, 31, 51, 42, 39, 33, 30, 38, 29, 27, 26, 37, 28, 25, 24, 23, 196, 195, 194, 190, 189
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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Deutsch shows in his 1999 paper that this automorphism maps the number of doublerises of Dyck paths to number of valleys and height of the first peak to the number of returns, i.e., that A126306(n) = A127284(a(n)) and A126307(n) = A057515(a(n)) hold for all n.
The A000108(n-2) n-gon triangularizations can be reflected over n axes of symmetry, which all can be generated by appropriate compositions of the permutations A057161/A057162 and A057163.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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EXAMPLE
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This involution (self-inverse permutation) of natural numbers is induced when we reflect the rooted plane binary trees encoded by A014486. E.g., we have A014486(5) = 44 (101100 in binary), A014486(7) = 52 (110100 in binary) and these encode the following rooted plane binary trees, which are reflections of each other:
0 0 0 0
\ / \ /
1 0 0 1
\ / \ /
0 1 1 0
\ / \ /
1 1
thus a(5)=7 and a(7)=5.
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MAPLE
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ReflectBinTree := n -> ReflectBinTree2(n)/2; ReflectBinTree2 := n -> (`if`((0 = n), n, ReflectBinTreeAux(A030101(n))));
ReflectBinTreeAux := proc(n) local a, b; a := ReflectBinTree2(BinTreeLeftBranch(n)); b := ReflectBinTree2(BinTreeRightBranch(n)); RETURN((2^(A070939(b)+A070939(a))) + (b * (2^(A070939(a)))) + a); end;
NextSubBinTree := proc(nn) local n, z, c; n := nn; c := 0; z := 0; while(c < 1) do z := 2*z + (n mod 2); c := c + (-1)^n; n := floor(n/2); od; RETURN(z); end;
BinTreeLeftBranch := n -> NextSubBinTree(floor(n/2));
BinTreeRightBranch := n -> NextSubBinTree(floor(n/(2^(1+A070939(BinTreeLeftBranch(n))))));
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MATHEMATICA
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A014486Q[0] = True; A014486Q[n_] := Catch[Fold[If[# < 0, Throw[False], If[#2 == 0, # - 1, # + 1]] &, 0, IntegerDigits[n, 2]] == 0]; tree[n_] := Block[{func, num = Append[IntegerDigits[n, 2], 0]}, func := If[num[[1]] == 0, num = Drop[num, 1]; 0, num = Drop[num, 1]; 1[func, func]]; func]; A057163L[n_] := Function[x, FirstPosition[x, FromDigits[Most@Cases[tree[#] /. 1 -> Reverse@*1, 0 | 1, All, Heads -> True], 2]][[1]] - 1 & /@ x][Select[Range[0, 2^n], A014486Q]]; A057163L[11] (* JungHwan Min, Dec 11 2016 *)
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PROG
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(Scheme implementations of this automorphism that acts on S-expressions, i.e., list-structures:)
(CONSTRUCTIVE IMPLEMENTATION:) (define (*A057163 s) (cond ((not (pair? s)) s) (else (cons (*A057163 (cdr s)) (*A057163 (car s))))))
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CROSSREFS
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Row 1 of tables A122201 and A122202, that is, obtained with FORK (and KROF) transformation from even simpler automorphism *A069770. Cf. A122351.
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KEYWORD
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nonn
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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Equivalence with Deutsch's 1998 involution realized Dec 15 2006 and entry edited accordingly by Antti Karttunen, Jan 16 2007
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STATUS
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approved
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