A363394 Triangle read by rows. T(n, k) = A081658(n, k) + A363393(n, k) for k > 0 and T(n, 0) = 1.

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, -1, 1, 3, -3, -2, 1, 4, -6, -8, 5, 1, 5, -10, -20, 25, 16, 1, 6, -15, -40, 75, 96, -61, 1, 7, -21, -70, 175, 336, -427, -272, 1, 8, -28, -112, 350, 896, -1708, -2176, 1385, 1, 9, -36, -168, 630, 2016, -5124, -9792, 12465, 7936

Offset

0,5

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=0..54.

Richard P. Stanley, A survey of alternating permutations, arXiv:0912.4240 [math.CO], 2009.

Index entries for sequences related to Euler numbers.

Formula

|T(n, k)| = (-1)^(n - k) * n! * [x^(n - k)][y^n] (sec(y) + tan(y)) / exp(x*y).

T(n, k) = [x^(n - k)] -2^(k-(0^k))*(Euler(k, 0) + Euler(k, 1/2)) / (x-1)^(k + 1).

For a recursion see the Python program.

Example

The triangle T(n, k) begins:
  [0] 1;
  [1] 1, 1;
  [2] 1, 2,  -1;
  [3] 1, 3,  -3,   -2;
  [4] 1, 4,  -6,   -8,   5;
  [5] 1, 5, -10,  -20,  25,   16;
  [6] 1, 6, -15,  -40,  75,   96,   -61;
  [7] 1, 7, -21,  -70, 175,  336,  -427,  -272;
  [8] 1, 8, -28, -112, 350,  896, -1708, -2176,  1385;
  [9] 1, 9, -36, -168, 630, 2016, -5124, -9792, 12465, 7936;

Maple

# Variant, computes abs(T(n, k)):
P := n -> n!*coeff(series((sec(y) + tan(y))/exp(x*y), y, 24), y, n):
seq(print(seq((-1)^(n - k)*coeff(P(n), x, n - k), k = 0..n)), n = 0..9);

Prog

(Python)
from functools import cache
@cache
def T(n: int, k: int) -> int:
    if k == 0: return 1
    if k == n:
        p = k % 2
        return p - sum(T(n, j) for j in range(p, n - 1, 2))
    return (T(n - 1, k) * n) // (n - k)
for n in range(10): print([T(n, k) for k in range(n + 1)])

Crossrefs

Variants (row reversed): A109449, A247453.

Cf. A081658 (signed secant part), A363393 (signed tangent part), A000111 (main diagonal), A122045, A155585 (aerated main diagonal), A000667, A062162 (row sums of signless variant).

Sequence in context: A034929 A099509 A153859 * A368343 A131336 A052253

Adjacent sequences: A363391 A363392 A363393 * A363395 A363396 A363397

Keyword

sign,tabl

Author

Peter Luschny, Jun 06 2023

Status

approved