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A354375
Square spiral on a 2D square lattice, one term per cell, starting at the origin with 0; the digits of the four integers forming any 2 X 2 square add up to a square and those sums themselves form another infinite 2D square lattice with the same property.
1
0, 1, 2, 6, 3, 999, 4, 5, 12, 7, 799, 8, 9, 89, 29, 79, 10, 88, 8999, 69, 11, 78, 39, 97, 19, 13, 87, 7999, 59, 14, 15, 169, 39999, 68, 49999, 699, 16, 22, 96, 159, 178, 21, 17, 599, 59999, 49, 58999, 168, 25, 18, 187, 100, 4999, 20, 177, 28, 23, 186, 89999, 99999, 199999, 98999, 9999, 77, 24, 27
OFFSET
1,3
COMMENTS
This is the earliest permutation of the nonnegative integers with this property.
EXAMPLE
The spiral begins:
.
11--78--39--97--19--13
| |
69 4---5--12---7 87
| | | |
8999 999 0---1 799 7999
| | | | |
88 3---6---2 8 59
| | |
10--79--29--89---9 14
|
... 39999-169-15
.
The digits of the four integers inside each of the four 2 X 2 squares that contain the initial 0 add up to a square: 0 + 1 + 2 + 6 = 9, 0 + 6 + 3 + (9+9+9) = 36, 0 + 999 + 4 + 5 = 36, 0 + 5 + (1+2) + 1 = 9. This is true for any 2 X 2 square on the (infinite) grid; the digits of the upper right corner add up to 36, for instance: (1+9) + (1+3) + (8+7) + 7 = 36; the lower right 2 X 2 square produces 36 = 9 + (1+4) + (1+5) + (1+6+9); etc.
All those successive "square sums" form the hereunder "second-level" spiral:
.
36---9--36--81
| |
36 9--36 81
| | |
36--36--36 36
|
... 81--36
.
Though the terms of this new spiral are not distinct (only multiples of 9), the sum of the digits inside any 2 X 2 square is a square again; the upper left 2 X 2 square produces for instance the square 36 = (3+6) + 9 + 9 + (3+6); the lower left 2 X 2 square produces the square 36 again = (3+6) + 9 + (3+6) + (3+6); the lower right 2 X 2 square produces also the square 36 = (3+6) + (3+6) + (3+6) + (8+1); the initial "center square" produces the same 36 = 9 + (3+6) + (3+6) + (3+6); etc.
KEYWORD
nonn,base
AUTHOR
Eric Angelini and Carole Dubois, May 24 2022
STATUS
approved