OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
A Lyndon word is a word which is lexicographically smaller than all its nontrivial rotations.
From the Chen-Fox-Lyndon theorem, every word can be written in a unique way as a concatenation of a nonincreasing sequence of Lyndon words. Since each natural number has a unique string representation in bijective bases, it can also be written exactly one way as a concatenation of these numbers in nonincreasing lexicographic order, in bijective base-2.
LINKS
Harald Korneliussen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000
Wikipedia, Bijective numeration
Wikipedia, Standard factorization of a Lyndon word
FORMULA
Observation: a(n) = 2*A326774(n-1), n >= 2. (At least for the terms from the Data section). - Omar E. Pol, Dec 09 2020
a(n) = A329327(n) - 1. - Harald Korneliussen, Mar 02 2021
EXAMPLE
1 and 2 are in this sequence, since their bijective base-2 representations are also just "1" and "2", and words of just one letter have no nontrivial rotations.
3 is not in this sequence, since written in bijective base-2 it becomes "11", which is equal to its single nontrivial rotation.
108 is not in this sequence, since in bijective base-2 it becomes "212212", which is larger than two of its nontrivial rotations (both equal to "122122"). However, "212212" can be uniquely split into the lexicographically nonincreasing sequence of Lyndon words "2", "122" and "12", corresponding to 2, 10 and 4 in this sequence.
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,base
AUTHOR
Harald Korneliussen, Dec 09 2020
STATUS
approved